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. 2024 Jun 7;15:4874. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-49031-4

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a Relative effect size for L* of each group divided according to sun exposure hours per day, polygenic score, and sunblock usage. A rhombic dot represents a reference group. Each dot represents the relative effect size and is colored according to sunblock usage. A total of 9734 independent individuals were examined in a linear model. Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals for the relative effect size (relative effect size ± 95% confidence interval). b Predicted L* by average covariates in each percentile of polygenic score distribution for participants with never or seldom sunblock usage (red) and always sunblock usage (yellow) within each group by sun exposure hours per day; more than 3 h (left) and less than 1 h (right). Effect size (β_G×E) and P-values (P_G×E) of interaction between polygenic score and sunblock usage within each sun exposure group are presented at the top of each plot. Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, L* diff difference in L* between sunblock usage groups at the top and bottom 10th percentiles of the polygenic score distribution.