Table 1. Demographics, ADLs, and Diagnosed Clinical Conditions Among Dually Eligible Users of Home and Community-Based Services by Medicare Plan Type.
| Characteristic | Beneficiariesa | P value, vs traditional Medicareb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 1913) | Traditional Medicare (n = 573) | D-SNPs with EAE (n = 583) | D-SNPs without EAE (n = 757) | D-SNP with EAE | D-SNP without EAE | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 70.80 (15.58) | 72.93 (17.32) | 69.77 (14.04) | 69.98 (15.18) | .001 | .001 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 1367 (71.5) | 421 (73.5) | 401 (68.8) | 545 (72) | .08 | .55 |
| Male | 546 (28.5) | 152 (26.5) | 182 (31.2) | 212 (28.0) | ||
| Race and ethnicity | ||||||
| Black | 838 (43.8) | 198 (34.6) | 257 (44.1) | 383 (50.6) | .001 | <.001 |
| Hispanic | 224 (11.7) | 123 (21.5) | 31 (5.3) | 70 (9.2) | .17 | .78 |
| White (reference) | 851 (44.5) | 252 (43.9) | 295 (50.6) | 304 (40.2) | NA | NA |
| Otherc | 48 (2.5) | 16 (2.8) | 9 (1.5) | 23 (3.0) | .001 | <.001 |
| Educational level | ||||||
| More than high school (reference) | 519 (27.1) | 148 (25.8) | 168 (28.8) | 203 (26.8) | NA | NA |
| High school | 601 (31.4) | 176 (30.7) | 200 (34.3) | 225 (29.7) | .19 | .70 |
| Less than high school | 793 (41.5) | 249 (43.5) | 215 (36.9) | 329 (43.5) | .02 | .99 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married (reference) | 315 (16.5) | 95 (16.8) | 98 (16.8) | 121 (16.0) | NA | NA |
| Never married | 437 (22.8) | 152 (26.5) | 109 (18.7) | 176 (23.2) | .002 | .16 |
| Separated or divorced | 532 (27.8) | 104 (18.2) | 198 (34.0) | 230 (30.4) | .001 | <.001 |
| Widowed | 629 (32.9) | 221 (38.6) | 178 (30.5) | 230 (30.4) | .004 | .002 |
| Rural residentd | 527 (27.5) | 129 (22.5) | 178 (30.5) | 220 (29.1) | .002 | .01 |
| ADL limitations, mean (SD), No.e | 3.67 (2.00) | 3.95 (1.99) | 3.53 (1.99) | 3.58 (2.01) | <.001 | .001 |
| Diagnosed health conditions | ||||||
| Heart condition | 854 (44.6) | 260 (45.4) | 262 (44.9) | 332 (43.9) | .88 | .58 |
| Stroke | 477 (24.9) | 142 (24.8) | 150 (25.7) | 185 (24.4) | .71 | .89 |
| COPD | 484 (25.3) | 106 (18.5) | 173 (29.7) | 205 (27.1) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Cancer | 347 (18.1) | 108 (18.8) | 110 (18.9) | 129 (17.0) | .99 | .40 |
| Diabetes | 824 (43.1) | 227 (39.6) | 257 (44.1) | 340 (44.9) | .13 | .05 |
| Asthma | 518 (27.1) | 152 (26.5) | 155 (26.6) | 211 (27.9) | .98 | .58 |
| Intellectual or developmental disability | 335 (17.5) | 117 (20.4) | 83 (14.2) | 135 (17.8) | .006 | .22 |
| Depression or anxiety | 872 (45.8) | 251 (43.8) | 257 (44.1) | 364 (48.1) | .92 | .12 |
| Dementia | 354 (18.5) | 131 (22.9) | 96 (16.5) | 127 (16.8) | .005 | .005 |
| Substance use disorder | 68 (3.6) | 20 (3.5) | 19 (3.3) | 29 (3.8) | .83 | .74 |
| Another chronic disease | 338 (17.7) | 95 (16.6) | 116 (19.9) | 127 (16.8) | .14 | .93 |
Abbreviations: ADL, activity of daily living; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; D-SNPs, Dual Eligible Special Needs Plans; EAE, exclusively aligned enrollment; NA, not applicable.
Data are presented as number (percentage) of beneficiaries unless otherwise indicated.
Tests of significant differences in the proportion of respondents with each characteristic (or variable mean in the case of the ADL limitation count) among dually eligible beneficiaries in each type of D-SNP compared with dually eligible beneficiaries enrolled in traditional Medicare. Estimates are based on 1913 observations with complete data on the respondent characteristics.
Included persons who identified as Asian, Native American, more than 1 race, or race not indicated.
Residence in a rural area based on rural-urban commuting area codes developed by the US Department of Agriculture.
Number of ADLs that a respondent reported difficulty performing alone and without using special equipment.