Table 3.
Univariate Analysis of Factors Associated With 30-d Mortality
| No. (%) of Patients | P Value | OR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Nonsurvivors | Survivors | ||
| n = 108 (31.6) | n = 234 (68.4) | |||
| Patient variables | ||||
| Male | 70 (64.8) | 168 (71.8) | .19 | 0.72 (0.43–1.22) |
| Age—median (IQR) | 69 (60.5–75) | 67 (56–74) | .13 | - |
| Comorbidities | … | … | … | … |
| COPD | 13 (12.1) | 37 (15.8) | .36 | 0.73 (0.34–1.48) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 52 (48.2) | 133 (56.8) | .14 | 0.70 (0.43–1.15) |
| Cerebrovascular disease or dementia | 18 (16.7) | 38 (16.2) | .92 | 1.03 (0.52–1.97) |
| Solid tumor | 19 (15.6) | 51 (21.8) | .37 | 0.77 (0.40–1.41) |
| Hematologic malignancy | 7 (6.5) | 11 (4.7) | .49 | 1.40 (0.45–4.10) |
| Liver disease | 14 (12.9) | 22 (9.4) | .31 | 1.44 (0.65–3.08) |
| Immunodeficiency | 6 (5.6) | 14 (5.9) | .87 | 0.92 (0.28–2.66) |
| Solid organ transplantation | 13 (12.1) | 27 (11.5) | .89 | 1.05 (0.47–2.21) |
| Chronic renal failure | 20 (18.5) | 52 (22.2) | .43 | 0.79 (0.42–1.45) |
| Diabetes | 25 (23.2) | 52 (22.2) | .85 | 1.05 (0.58–1.87) |
| Neutropenia | 2 (1.8) | 6 (2.6) | .68 | 0.72 (0.07–4.09) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 3 | 96 (88.9) | 176 (75.2) | .003 | 2.64 (1.32–5.65) |
| Ward submitting index culture | … | … | … | … |
| Medical | 37 (34.3) | 88 (37.6) | .55 | 0.86 (0.52–1.43) |
| Surgical | 9 (8.3) | 40 (17.1) | .03 | 0.44 (0.18–0.97) |
| ICU | 62 (57.4) | 99 (42.3) | .009 | 1.84 (1.13–2.99) |
| Preinfection health care interventions | ||||
| Surgerya | 34 (31.5) | 86 (36.7) | .34 | 0.79 (0.47–1.32) |
| Dialysisa | 20 (18.5) | 19 (8.1) | .004 | 2.57 (1.23–5.35) |
| Endoscopyb | 12 (11.1) | 33 (14.1) | .44 | 0.76 (0.34–1.59) |
| Mechanical ventilationb | 55 (50.9) | 88 (37.6) | .02 | 1.72 (1.06–2.80) |
| Indwelling devices | … | … | … | … |
| Central venous catheterb | 72 (66.7) | 140 (59.8) | .23 | 1.34 (0.81–2.24) |
| Bladder catheterb | 74 (68.5) | 160 (68.8) | .97 | 1.00 (0.60–1.70) |
| Nasogastric tubeb | 50 (46.3) | 68 (29.1) | .001 | 2.10 (1.27–3.46) |
| Surgical drainb | 27 (25.0) | 50 (21.4) | .45 | 1.23 (0.69–2.16) |
| Infection characteristics | ||||
| Hospital-acquired | 106 (98.1) | 212 (90.6) | .01 | 5.50 (1.31–48.96) |
| BSIs | 57 (52.8) | 115 (49.2) | .53 | 1.16 (0.71–1.87) |
| LRTIs | 35 (32.4) | 72 (30.7) | .76 | 1.08 (0.64–1.81) |
| cUTIs | 4 (3.7) | 26 (11.1) | .02 | 0.31 (0.07–0.92) |
| Other | 12 (11.1) | 21 (8.9) | .53 | 1.27 (0.54- 2.83) |
| Disease severity of illnessc | … | … | … | … |
| INCREMENT score ≥8 | 75 (69.4) | 81 (34.6) | <.001 | 4.29 (2.56–7.24) |
| Septic shock | 35 (32.4) | 16 (6.8) | <.001 | 6.53 (3.28–13.39) |
| COVID-19 | 31 (28.7) | 41 (17.5) | .01 | 1.89 (1.06–3.34) |
| MER-VAB treatment variables | … | … | … | … |
| Started empirically | 11 (10.2) | 36 (15.4) | .19 | 0.62 (0.27–1.32) |
| Started within 48 h of infection onset | 31 (28.7) | 117 (50.0) | <.001 | 0.40 (0.24–0.67) |
| Started as second-line therapy | 29 (26.8) | 38 (16.2) | .02 | 1.89 (1.05–3.39) |
| Monotherapy regimens | 66 (61.1) | 147 (62.8) | .76 | 0.93 (0.57–1.53) |
| Combination regimens with: | 42 (38.9) | 87 (37.2) | .76 | 1.07 (0.65–1.76) |
| 1 other active drug | 28 (25.9) | 69 (29.5) | .49 | 0.84 (0.48–1.44) |
| ≥ 2 other active drug | 14 (12.9) | 18 (7.7) | .12 | 1.79 (0.79–3.97) |
| Dose adjusted for renal function | 38 (35.2) | 63 (26.9) | .12 | 1.47 (0.87–2.47) |
| Prolonged infusion | 70 (64.8) | 161 (68.8) | .46 | 0.83 (0.50–1.39) |
| Outcomesd | … | … | … | … |
| Infection relapsee | 11 (10.2) | 22 (9.4) | .82 | 1.09 (0.46–2.46) |
| Development of in vitro MER-VAB resistance | 4 (3.7) | 2 (0.8) | .06 | 4.46 (0.63–49.80) |
| Adverse reactions | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.4) | .57 | 2.18 (0.03–171.64) |
Data are expressed as numbers (%) unless otherwise stated.
Abbreviations: BSI, bloodstream infection; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; cUTI, complicated urinary tract infection; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; LRTI, low respiratory tract infections; MER-VAB, meropenem-vaborbactam; OR, odds ratio.
aDuring the 30 days preceding infection onset.
bDuring the 72 h preceding infection onset.
cAt infection onset.
dAssessed during the index hospitalization.
eDiagnosed microbiologically during the index hospitalization after microbiological and/or clinical cure of the original infection.