Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients in the trials included in the meta-analysis.
| Study | Country | Age, years, mean ± SD or mean age (range) | Intervention drug | Control drug | Sample size, n | Female, % | Duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mamadapur 2022 (30) | India | 42.57 (CLO) 44.63 (coconut) | CLO ointment 0.05% (twice daily) | Coconut cream 50% (twice daily) | 30/30 | 70 | 4 weeks |
| Brennan 2022 (31) | USA | 58.6 ± 11.8 (20 μg CLO) | CLO patch 20/5/1 ug (twice daily) | PBO (twice daily) | 33/34/40/31 | 72 | 4 weeks |
| 59.7 ± 10.5 (5 μg CLO) | |||||||
| 62.2 ± 12.1 (1 μg CLO) | |||||||
| 63.9 ± 11.5 (PBO) | |||||||
| Kumar 2022 (32) | India | 48.7 ± 13.3 (CLO) | CLO ointment 0.05% (twice daily) | N. sativa cream 75% (twice daily) | 30/30 | 62 | 6 weeks |
| 44.5 ± 13.5(N. sativa) | |||||||
| Ferri 2021 (33) | Brazil | 62.2(30–83) | CLO ointment 0.05% (3 times daily) | PDT (twice a week) | 17/17 | 94 | 17 weeks |
| Santonocito 2021 (34) | Italy | 65.55 ± 9.61 (CLO) | CLO ointment 0.05% (twice daily) | AIM (3 times daily) | 18/20 | 47 | 12 weeks |
| 62.5 ± 9.13 (AIM) | |||||||
| Arduino 2018 (35) | Italy | 70(52–81) (CLO) | CLO cream 0.05% (twice daily) | PBO (twice daily) | 18/18 | 83 | 8 weeks |
| 66(50–79) (PBO) | |||||||
| Hettiarachchi 2017 (36) | Sri Lanka | 46.88 ± 12.13 (CLO) | CLO ointment 0.05% (twice daily) | TAC cream 0.1% (twice daily) | 34/34 | 63 | 5 weeks |
| 46.65 ± 13.15 (TAC) | |||||||
| Sivaraman 2016 (37) | India | 39.77 (18–65) | CLO ointment 0.05% (4 times daily) | TAC ointment 0.03% (4 times daily) | 10/10/10 | 60 | 6 weeks |
| Dillenburg 2014 (38) | Brazil | 61.33 ± 11.85 (CLO) | CLO ointment 0.05% (3 times daily) | PDT (three times a week) | 21/21 | 83 | 12 weeks |
| 55.14 ± 15.96 (PDT) | |||||||
| Sonthalia 2012 (39) | India | 34.35 ± 16.20(CLO) | CLO ointment 0.05% (twice daily) | TAC ointment 0.1% (twice daily) | 20/20 | 60 | 8 weeks |
| 35.05 ± 13.24(TAC) | |||||||
| Cilurzo 2010 (40) | Italy | 51.5 (32–72) | CLO tablets 24 ug (3 times daily) | PBO (3 times daily) | 16/16/16 | 54 | 4 weeks |
| CLO semisolid 123 ug (3 times daily) | |||||||
| Corrocher 2008 (41) | Italy | 43.7 ± 18.2 (CLO) | CLO ointment 0.05% (4 times daily) | TAC ointment 0.1% (4 times daily) | 16/16 | 63 | 6 weeks |
| 43.6 ± 19.3 (TAC) | |||||||
| Radfar 2008 (42) | USA | 58(36–78) (CLO) | CLO ointment 0.05% (4 times daily, dosage decreased gradually) | TAC ointment 0.1% (4 times daily, dosage decreased gradually) | 14/15 | 55 | 6 weeks |
| 59(29–77) (TAC) | |||||||
| Conrotto 2006 (43) | Italy | 67.95 ± 7.91 (CLO) | CLO ointment 0.025% (4 times daily) | CYC 1.5% (4 times daily) | 19/20 | 64 | 8 weeks |
| 63.4 ± 9.59 (CYC) | |||||||
| Carbone 1999 (20) | UK | 61.2 ± 10.74 (CLO) | CLO ointment 0.05% (twice daily, dosage decreased gradually) | FLU 0.05% (3 times daily, dosage decreased gradually) | 25/24/11 | 63 | 26 weeks |
| 60 ± 9.75(FLU) | PBO (3 times daily, dosage decreased gradually) | ||||||
| 62 ± 11.22 (PBO) | |||||||
| Sardella 1998 (44) | Italy | 61(34–84) | CLO ointment 0.05% (twice daily) | MES 5% (twice daily) | 14/11 | 64 | 4 weeks |
| Rodstrom 1994 (45) | Sweden | 58(41–77) | CLO ointment 0.05% (twice daily, dosage decreased gradually) | TRI acetonide 0.1% (twice daily, dosage decreased gradually) | 20/20 | 75 | 9 weeks |
CLO, clobetasol; PBO, placebo; N. sativa, Nigella sativa; AIM, Anti-Inflammatory Mouthwash; TAC, tacrolimus; PDT, photodynamic therapy; CYC, cyclosporin; FLU, fluocinonide; MES; mesalazine; TRI, triamcinolone.