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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Genet Metab. 2023 Sep 11;140(3):107699. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107699

Figure 1. Alternate pathway of nitrogen excretion by phenylacetate.

Figure 1.

GPB is converted to PBA via the action of pancreatic lipases. PBA, through β-oxidation is converted into its active form PAA. PAA is conjugated to glutamine (GLN) by the enzyme glutamine-N-acetyltransferase to form phenylacetylglutamine (PAGN).