(a) P1+αPD1 treatment increased the production of IFNγ from CD8+ T cells and decreased the population of Tregs (CD3+CD4+CD25+FoxP3+) in tumor-draining lymph nodes and spleen as compared with the other treatment conditions (n=4, mean±SD), unpaired Student’s t test in comparison with HEPES or the indicated conditions. (b) P1+αPD1 treatment increased the population of mature DCs (CD11c+F4/80−MHC-II+CD80+CD86+) and pro-inflammatory macrophages polarization (CD80+CD86+CD11b+CD11c−F4/80+ for migratory macrophages in spleen, CD80+CD86+CD11b+CD11c−F4/80+ for macrophages in lymph nodes), but maintained the numbers of MDSCs (CD11b+CD11c−F4/80−MHC-II−Gr-1+) in tumor-draining lymph nodes and spleen, relative to the other treatments (n=4, mean±SD); unpaired Student’s t test in comparison with HEPES or the indicated conditions.