Table 1.
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the study subjects with or without NAFLD.
| Non-NAFLD | NAFLD | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | CAP < 274 dB/m (n = 1685) | CAP ≥ 274 dB/m (n = 1311) | P | |
| CMI [M (P25, P75)] | 0.46 (0.25,0.81) | 0.32 (0.20,0.54) | 0.71 (0.43,1.11) | < 0.001# |
| CMI quartile | ||||
| Q1 (≤ 0.25) | 749 (25.00) | 634 (37.63) | 115 (8.77) | < 0.001 |
| Q2 (0.25 ~ 0.46) | 749 (25.00) | 504 (29.91) | 245 (18.69) | |
| Q3 (0.46 ~ 0.81) | 749 (25.00) | 340 (20.18) | 409 (31.20) | |
| Q4 (> 0.81) | 749 (25.00) | 207 (12.28) | 542 (41.34) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Men | 1355 (45.23) | 711 (42.20) | 644 (49.12) | < 0.001 |
| Women | 1641 (54.77) | 974 (57.80) | 667 (50.88) | |
| Age [M (P25, P75)] | 51.0 (35.0,64.0) | 46.0 (32.0,62.0) | 54.0 (41.0,65.0) | < 0.001# |
| BMI [M (P25, P75)] | 28.6 (24.7,33.5) | 26.0 (23.0,29.9) | 32.0 (28.2,37.1) | < 0.001# |
| Race | ||||
| Mexican American | 391 (13.05) | 166 (9.85) | 225 (17.16) | < 0.001 |
| Other Hispanic | 310 (10.35) | 173 (10.27) | 137 (10.45) | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 993 (33.14) | 534 (31.69) | 459 (35.01) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 739 (24.67) | 474 (28.13) | 265 (20.21) | |
| Other race—Including multi-racial | 563 (18.79) | 338 (20.06) | 225 (17.16) | |
| Smoke | ||||
| Yes | 1121 (37.44) | 599 (35.59) | 522 (39.82) | < 0.001 |
| No | 1873 (62.56) | 1084 (64.41) | 789 (60.18) | |
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 448 (14.96) | 150 (8.91) | 298 (22.73) | < 0.001 |
| No | 2546 (85.04) | 1533 (91.09) | 1013 (77.27) | |
| Hypertension | ||||
| Yes | 1099 (36.74) | 475 (28.26) | 624 (47.63) | < 0.001 |
| No | 1892 (63.26) | 1206 (71.74) | 686 (52.37) | |
| TG (mmol/L) [M (P25, P75)] | 1.01 (0.68,1.50) | 0.81 (0.60,1.21) | 1.30 (0.90,1.84) | < 0.001# |
| TC (mmol/L) [M (P25, P75)] | 4.68 (4.06,5.40) | 4.63 (4.01,5.33) | 4.76 (4.14,5.51) | < 0.001# |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) [M (P25, P75)] | 1.32 (1.09,1.60) | 1.42 (1.19,1.71) | 1.19 (1.03,1.45) | < 0.001# |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) [M (P25, P75)] | 2.77 (2.20,3.36) | 2.69 (2.17,3.31) | 2.85 (2.25,3.44) | < 0.001# |
| AST(IU/L) [M (P25, P75)] | 19.0 (15.0,23.0) | 18.0 (15.0,22.0) | 19.0 (16.0,25.0) | < 0.001# |
| ALT(IU/L) [M (P25, P75)] | 17.0 (13.0,25.0) | 15.0 (11.0,21.0) | 21.0 (15.0,30.0) | < 0.001# |
| GGT(IU/L) [M (P25, P75)] | 21.0 (15.0,30.0) | 18.0 (13.0,25.0) | 24.0 (18.0,37.0) | < 0.001# |
| ALB(g/L) [M (P25, P75)] | 40.0 (38.0,42.0) | 41.0 (39.0,43.0) | 40.0 (38.0,42.0) | < 0.001# |
| BUN (mmol/L) [M (P25, P75)] | 5.0 (3.9,6.1) | 4.6 (3.9,6.1) | 5.0 (3.9,6.1) | < 0.001# |
| Cr(mmol/L) [M (P25, P75)] | 73.4 (61.9,86.6) | 73.4 (61.9,87.5) | 74.4 (61.0,88.8) | < 0.001# |
| TB (umol/L) [M (P25, P75)] | 6.8 (5.1,10.3) | 6.8 (5.1,10.3) | 7.1 (5.1,10.4) | < 0.001# |
| UA (umol/L) [M (P25, P75)] | 315.2 (261.7, 374.7) | 297.4 (249.8, 350.9) | 339.0 (285.5, 398.5) | < 0.001# |
Values are n (%) or mean (standard deviation) or median (P25, P75).
NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALB, albumin; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr, creatinine; TB, total bilirubin; UA, uric acid; LSM, liver stiffness measurement; CMI, cardiometabolic index.
"#" indicates that the rank-sum test was used.