Table 1.
Mean Outcomes by Experimental Condition at Each Assessment.
| Proportion of Zeros | Control | Injunctive PNF | Descriptive PNF | Combined PNF | Multi-Component PFI | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | d | Mean (SD) | d | Mean (SD) | d | Mean (SD) | d | ||
| Perceived Descriptive Norms | ||||||||||
| Baseline | 0.1% | 18.6 (10.4) | 18.1 (10.1) | 17.3 (7.6) | 16.9 (8.7) | 17.3 (9.2) | ||||
| 3 months | 0.5% | 16.7 (9.7) | 14.7 (9.5) | 0.21 | 13.2 (7.5) | 0.40 | 12.6 (6.4) | 0.50 | 12.9 (7.3) | 0.44 |
| 6 months | 0.7% | 17.3 (10.7) | 14.4 (8.9) | 0.30 | 13.1 (6.9) | 0.47 | 12.9 (6.6) | 0.49 | 13.3 (8.1) | 0.42 |
| 12 months | 0.6% | 16.9 (8.7) | 15.2 (11.5) | 0.17 | 14.0 (6.8) | 0.37 | 13.1 (6.5) | 0.49 | 13.6 (7.6) | 0.40 |
| Perceived Injunctive Norms | ||||||||||
| Baseline | 0.1% | 24.4 (13.3) | 25.5 (14.7) | 24.5 (13.3) | 24.5 (13.6) | 25.0 (14.3) | ||||
| 3 months | 0.4% | 24.9 (15.5) | 20.8 (13.4) | 0.28 | 18.4 (10.5) | 0.49 | 17.7 (9.1) | 0.57 | 18.4 (11.4) | 0.48 |
| 6 months | 0.4% | 25.5 (16.3) | 21.2 (13.2) | 0.29 | 19.3 (10.4) | 0.45 | 18.9 (10.8) | 0.48 | 18.8 (11.5) | 0.47 |
| 12 months | 0.8% | 25.3 (17.2) | 22.3 (14.5) | 0.19 | 19.8 (12.1) | 0.37 | 19.4 (10.7) | 0.41 | 18.8 (11.8) | 0.44 |
| Total Drinks per Week | ||||||||||
| Baseline | 4.6% | 12.0 (12.3) | 10.7 (9.1) | 10.8 (9.0) | 10.8 (10.7) | 10.7 (8.4) | ||||
| 3 months | 8.6% | 11.8 (12.0) | 9.0 (8.7) | 0.27 | 9.4 (8.1) | 0.23 | 9.1 (9.4) | 0.25 | 9.5 (7.7) | 0.23 |
| 6 months | 9.8% | 11.9 (12.1) | 9.5 (9.2) | 0.22 | 9.5 (8.7) | 0.23 | 8.9 (7.7) | 0.30 | 9.6 (8.7) | 0.22 |
| 12 months | 8.9% | 11.7 (12.6) | 9.1 (9.0) | 0.24 | 9.1 (8.0) | 0.25 | 8.9 (8.4) | 0.26 | 8.9 (7.9) | 0.27 |
| Peak eBAC | ||||||||||
| Baseline | 0.4% | .167 (.093) | .161 (.087) | .156 (.086) | .174 (.091) | .169 (.087) | ||||
| 3 months | 5.6% | .145 (.101) | .132 (.090) | 0.13 | .127 (.094) | 0.18 | .132 (.086) | 0.13 | .130 (.085) | 0.15 |
| 6 months | 5.6% | .155 (.104) | .136 (.091) | 0.18 | .128 (.089) | 0.26 | .142 (.098) | 0.13 | .135 (.091) | 0.19 |
| 12 months | 6.2% | .145 (.102) | .131 (.088) | 0.14 | .124 (.097) | 0.21 | .131 (.087) | 0.14 | .125 (.091) | 0.20 |
| Alcohol-Related Negative Consequences | ||||||||||
| Baseline | 14.9% | 6.7 (8.1) | 6.3 (9.0) | 6.6 (8.7) | 6.6 (6.4) | 6.4 (7.5) | ||||
| 3 months | 20.2% | 6.8 (9.5) | 5.9 (9.0) | 0.10 | 6.2 (9.1) | 0.06 | 6.9 (9.2) | −0.01 | 6.6 (8.9) | 0.02 |
| 6 months | 20.7% | 7.6 (10.5) | 5.5 (7.2) | 0.23 | 5.9 (8.1) | 0.18 | 6.5 (8.6) | 0.12 | 6.4 (9.9) | 0.12 |
| 12 months | 24.3% | 6.3 (10.2) | 4.7 (7.4) | 0.18 | 5.4 (7.8) | 0.10 | 5.3 (8.1) | 0.11 | 5.6 (9.1) | 0.07 |