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Results of PSNR analysis at low threshold levels.
| Threshold | CAGWOA | WOA | HHO | IWOA | BLPSO | CLPSO | SCADE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | + /–/ = | ~ | 2/0/4 | 2/0/4 | 1/0/5 | 4/0/2 | 1/0/5 | 5/0/1 |
| Mean | 1.5000 | 4.3333 | 4.0000 | 2.5000 | 5.5000 | 4.0000 | 6.1667 | |
| Rank | 1 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 7 | |
| 6 | + /–/ = | ~ | 1/0/5 | 3/0/3 | 2/0/4 | 3/0/3 | 3/0/3 | 6/0/0 |
| Mean | 1.3333 | 2.3333 | 4.8333 | 4.3333 | 5.1667 | 3.1667 | 6.8333 | |
| Rank | 1 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 7 | |
| 8 | + /–/ = | ~ | 2/0/4 | 5/0/1 | 4/0/2 | 2/0/4 | 4/0/2 | 6/0/0 |
| Mean | 1.6667 | 2.1667 | 5.5000 | 4.0000 | 3.8333 | 4.0000 | 6.8333 | |
| Rank | 1 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 7 |
