TABLE 3.

Association between dog exposure and infant gut α-diversity trajectories, before and after covariate adjustment.

Model	N	β a	SE	p-Value	Percent change in unadjusted β
Richness (Linear model)
Unadjusted	131	10.0	6.0	.094	N/A
Adjusted for maternal race	131	11.6	6.1	.058	16.0%
Adjusted for household income	131	7.0	6.1	.25	−30.0%
Adjusted for maternal age at birth	131	9.7	5.8	.098	−3.0%
Adjusted for mode of delivery	131	11.2	5.9	.059	12.0%
Adjusted for child sex	131	10.4	6.0	.082	4.0%
Adjusted for first-born child	131	10.4	6.0	.088	4.0%
Fully adjusted (all of the above)	131	11.1	6.3	.080	11.0%
Evenness (Linear model)
Unadjusted	131	0.007	0.0122	.54	N/A
Adjusted for maternal race	131	0.0082	0.0126	.52	9.3%
Adjusted for household income	131	−0.001	0.0128	.94	−113.3%
Adjusted for maternal age at birth	131	0.007	0.0122	.56	−6.7%
Adjusted for mode of delivery	131	0.0089	0.0122	.47	18.7%
Adjusted for child sex	131	0.0084	0.0122	.49	12.0%
Adjusted for first-born child	131	0.006	0.0123	.63	−20.0%
Fully adjusted (all of the above)	131	0.002	0.0136	.89	−74.7%
Faith’s phylogenetic diversity (Quadratic model)
Unadjusted	131	0.65	0.36	.071	N/A
Adjusted for maternal race	131	0.73	0.37	.050	12.3%
Adjusted for household income	131	0.53	0.37	.15	−18.5%
Adjusted for maternal age at birth	131	0.63	0.35	.074	−3.1%
Adjusted for mode of delivery	131	0.72	0.35	.042	10.8%
Adjusted for child sex	131	0.68	0.36	.061	4.6%
Adjusted for first-born child	131	0.69	0.36	.058	6.2%
Fully adjusted (all of the above)	131	0.78	0.38	.041	20.0%

^aAverage difference in specified α-diversity metric (comparing dog-exposed vs. pet-free), throughout early life, based on linear mixed effect models.