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. 2024 Jun 4;11(1):e002148. doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-002148

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Genetic correlation among five respiratory diseases. (A) Global genetic correlations among five respiratory diseases were explored with LDSC and HDL methods. **p adjusted <0.05. (B) Frequency distribution of localised genetic correlations for five respiratory diseases determined by the LAVA method. (C) High consistency of the LDSC and HDL methods for investigating global genetic correlations. (D) Counts of trait pairs with local genetic associations in specific regions of the chromosome. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HDL, high-definition likelihood; IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; LC, lung cancer; LDSC, linkage disequilibrium score regression.