Table 1.
Baseline demographics
| VARIABLES | HC (12) | HTN (12) | HKD (12) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Years) (IQR) | 52.5 (47-63.5) | 57.5 (36-71.5) | 72 (71.2–74.7) *# | 0.035 |
| Gender (female/male) | 6/6 | 6/6 | 6/6 | NS |
| BMI (Kg/m2) (IQR) | 27.21 (26.42–29.9) | 28.7 (24.4–33.2) | 26.55 (24.09–31.6) | NS |
| SBP (mmHg) (IQR) | 114.5 (108-120.5) | 129.5 (121.2-136.2) * | 127 (117.2-142.7) * | 0.03 |
| DBP (mmHg) (IQR) | 67 (64–75) | 78.5 (70.7–90.2) * | 76 (72.5–78.5) | 0.03 |
| Serum Glucose (mg/dL) (IQR) | 96.5(93-102.2) | 97 (91.5-101.5) | 96 (92–108) | NS |
| Serum Creatinine (mg/dL) (IQR) | 0.9 (0.8–0.9) | 0.94 (0.8–1.1) | 1.93 (1.48–2.21) *# | < 0.001 |
| eGFR (CKD-EPI mL/min) | 86.5 (79.7–90) | 83 (62.5–88.5) | 34 (26-40.7) *# | < 0.001 |
| Urine spot Protein/Osmolality | 0.19 (0.1–0.2) | 0.17 (0.15–0.23) | 0.27 (0.2–0.36) | 0.07 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 193.5 (179- 201.2) | 172 (151.2–178) * | 176 (155.5-186.7) | NS |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 84 (61-104.2) | 86 (67.7-124.2) | 97.5 (81.7–117) | NS |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 53 (49.2–66.2) | 61.5 (45.5–78) | 62 (40.7–72) | NS |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 117.5 (96.5–127) | 79.5 (73-103.2) | 92.5 (83.7–98) | 0.02 |
| Lipid-lowering drugs (number of patients) | 0/12 | 6/12* | 6/12* | < 0.001 |
| Number of antihypertensive drugs (median) | 0 | 2.5 (1.7–3.2) * | 2 (1–3) * | < 0.001 |
BMI: Basal Metabolic Index; SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure; eGFR: estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI); HDL: High Density Lipid; LDL: Low Density Lipid, NS: non-significant
Data were expressed as median (range) as they did not show Gaussian distribution and comparisons within and among the groups performed using non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon and Kruskal Wallis, respectively). Statistical significance for all tests was accepted for p ≤ 0.05
*- p-value < 0.05 vs. Healthy Control
#- p-value < 0.05 vs. Hypertension