Table 1.
Patient and Surgical Characteristics
| Total | Prepectoral | Subpectoral | P * | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. breasts | 996 | 391 | 605 | |
| No. patients | 570 | 231 | 339 | |
| Age (at surgery), y, mean (SD) | 48.6 (11.5) | 47.29 (12.24) | 49.47 (10.85) | 0.0007† |
| Age (categorical), y | <0.0001† | |||
| ≤40 | 237 (23.8) | 130 (33.3) | 107 (17.7) | |
| >40 and ≤54 | 496 (49.8) | 158 (40.4) | 338 (55.9) | |
| >54 | 263 (26.4) | 103 (26.3) | 160 (26.5) | |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 24.24 (4.51) | 24.77 (4.76) | 23.90 (4.32) | 0.0272† |
| BMI (categorical), kg/m2 | <0.0001† | |||
| ≤18.5 | 50 (5.0) | 10 (2.6) | 40 (6.6) | |
| >18.5 and ≤24.9 | 570 (57.2) | 232 (59.3) | 338 (55.9) | |
| >24.9 and ≤29.9 | 254 (25.0) | 74 (18.9) | 180 (29.8) | |
| >30 | 122 (12.3) | 75 (19.2) | 47 (7.8) | |
| Smoking status | 0.0008† | |||
| None | 843 (84.6) | 351 (89.8) | 492 (81.3) | |
| Active | 10 (1.0) | 1 (0.3) | 9 (1.5) | |
| Former | 143 (14.4) | 39 (10.0) | 104 (17.2) | |
| Diabetes | 0.3432 | |||
| Yes | 34 (3.4) | 16 (4.1) | 18 (3.0) | |
| Cancer stage | ||||
| 0 | 169 (17.0) | 64 (16.4) | 105 (17.4) | 0.8723 |
| I | 295 (29.6) | 118 (30.2) | 177 (29.3) | |
| II | 227 (22.8) | 88 (22.5) | 139 (23.0) | |
| III | 109 (10.9) | 48 (12.3) | 61 (10.1) | |
| IV | 24 (2.4) | 10 (2.6) | 14 (2.3) | |
| Genetic carriers (eg, BRCA) | 172 (17.3) | 63 (16.1) | 109 (18.0) | |
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | 0.0406† | |||
| Yes | 231 (23.2) | 104 (26.6) | 127 (21.0) | |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | <0.0001† | |||
| Yes | 274 (27.5) | 148 (37.8) | 126 (20.8) | |
| Prior radiation | 0.3143 | |||
| Yes | 15 (1.5) | 4 (1.0) | 11 (1.8) | |
| Adjuvant radiation | 0.0791 | |||
| Yes | 163 (16.4) | 74 (18.9) | 89 (14.7) | |
| Mastectomy type | 0.0574 | |||
| Nipple sparing | 374 (37.6) | 161 (41.2) | 213 (35.2) | |
| Skin sparing | 622 (62.4) | 230 (58.8) | 392 (64.8) | |
| Reconstruction type | 0.0004† | |||
| Tissue expander (2-stage) | 953 (95.5) | 363 (92.8) | 590 (97.2) | |
| Direct-to-implant (1-stage) | 45 (4.5) | 28 (7.2) | 17 (2.8) | |
| Laterality | 0.0031† | |||
| Unilateral | 145 (14.6) | 73 (18.7) | 72 (11.9) | |
| Bilateral | 851 (85.4) | 318 (81.3) | 533 (88.1) | |
| Initial fill volume, mL | 255.73 | 291.23 | 232.79 | <0.0001† |
| Expander exchange to implant | <0.0001† | |||
| Yes | 862 (86.6) | 311 (79.5) | 551 (91.1) | |
| Completed reconstruction | 0.2402 | |||
| Yes | 968 (97.2) | 383 (98.0) | 585 (96.7) | |
| Prior breast surgery | <0.0001† | |||
| Yes | 267 (26.8) | 62 (15.9) | 205 (33.9) | |
| No. breasts‡ | 267 | 62 | 205 | |
| Lumpectomy/radiation | 0.0519 | |||
| Yes | 58 (21.7) | 19 (30.6) | 39 (19.0) | |
| Breast augmentation | <0.0001† | |||
| Yes | 134 (50.2) | 14 (22.6) | 120 (58.5) | |
| Breast reduction or mastopexy | 0.3278 | |||
| Yes | 53 (19.8) | 15 (24.2) | 38 (18.5) | |
| Skin flap or nipple delay | 0.2628 | |||
| Yes | 96 (36.0) | 26 (41.9) | 70 (34.1) |
Previous breast surgery indicates lumpectomy, breast augmentation, breast reduction or mastopexy, skin flap or nipple delay.
*
A P value from chi-square tests (or Fisher exact, when applicable) for categorical variables and Wilcoxon tests for continuous variables.
†
Values are statistically significant.
‡
Lumpectomy, breast augmentation, breast reduction or mastopexy, and skin flap or nipple delay were all calculated among the subsample of breasts where a prior breast surgery was indicated.
BMI, body mass index.