Table 1.
Parental characteristics for all IKIDS participants with an infant enrolled and had exposure data available (n = 532), those who provided language data at 26.5–28.5 months (CDI; n = 298), and those who provided language data at 36–38 months (SLAS; n = 254) by whether they reported taking acetaminophen during pregnancy or not.
| Participant Characteristics | Participants with an infant enrolled in study & exposure data available | Participants who completed the CDI when their child was 26.5–28.5 months | Participants who completed the SLAS when their child was 36–38 months | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participant did not take acetaminophen during pregnancy | Participant took acetaminophen during pregnancy | Participant did not take acetaminophen during pregnancy | Participant took acetaminophen during pregnancy | Participant did not take acetaminophen during pregnancy | Participant took acetaminophen during pregnancy | |
| (n = 155) | (n = 377) | (n = 90) | (n = 208) | (n = 80) | (n = 174) | |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
| Maternal race & ethnicity | ||||||
| White, Non-Hispanic | 121 (78.1) | 324 (85.9) | 71 (78.9) | 182 (87.5) | 67 (83.8) | 156 (89.6) |
| Other | 34 (21.9) | 51 (13.5) | 19 (21.1) | 26 (12.5) | 13 (16.2) | 17 (9.8) |
| Unknown/Missing | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) |
| Other parent’s race & ethnicity | ||||||
| White, Non-Hispanic | 118 (76.1) | 318 (84.4) | 72 (80.0) | 185 (88.9) | 65 (81.2) | 155 (89.1) |
| Other | 37 (23.9) | 57 (15.1) | 18 (20.0) | 23 (11.1) | 15 (18.8) | 18 (10.3) |
| Unknown/Missing | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) |
| Maternal marital status | ||||||
| Married/Living as married | 143 (92.3) | 351 (93.1) | 84 (93.3) | 198 (95.2) | 77 (96.2) | 166 (95.4) |
| Separated/Divorced/ Widowed/Single | 12 (7.7) | 26 (6.9) | 6 (6.7) | 10 (4.8) | 3 (3.8) | 8 (4.6) |
| Maternal education | ||||||
| < Bachelor’s degree | 25 (16.1) | 78 (20.7) | 7 (7.8) | 27 (13.0) | 4 (5.0) | 22 (12.6) |
| ≥ Bachelor’s degree | 130 (83.9) | 299 (79.3) | 83 (92.2) | 181 (87.0) | 76 (95.0) | 152 (87.4) |
| Other parent’s education | ||||||
| < Bachelor’s degree | 41 (26.5) | 116 (30.8) | 16 (17.8) | 45 (21.6) | 14 (17.5) | 41 (23.6) |
| ≥ Bachelor’s degree | 113 (72.9) | 259 (68.7) | 74 (82.2) | 163 (78.4) | 66 (82.5) | 133 (76.4) |
| Unknown/Missing | 1 (0.7) | 2 (0.5) | ||||
| Maternal parity | ||||||
| 0 | 75 (48.4) | 198 (52.5) | 47 (52.2) | 119 (57.2) | 41 (51.2) | 94 (54.0) |
| ≥1 | 80 (51.6) | 178 (47.2) | 43 (47.8) | 89 (42.8) | 39 (48.8) | 79 (45.4) |
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) |
| Annual household income | ||||||
| $0–$49,999 | 33 (21.3) | 70 (18.6) | 17 (18.9) | 29 (13.9) | 11 (13.8) | 25 (14.4) |
| $50,000–$99,999 | 72 (46.4) | 181 (48.0) | 41 (45.5) | 96 (46.2) | 37 (46.2) | 85 (48.8) |
| ≥$100,000 | 48 (31.0) | 124 (32.9) | 32 (35.6) | 83 (39.9) | 31 (38.8) | 64 (36.8) |
| Unknown/Missing | 2 (1.3) | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| Maternal health insurance status | ||||||
| Insured | 153 (98.7) | 376 (99.7) | 90 (100.0) | 208 (100.0) | 80 (100.0) | 174 (100.0) |
| Uninsured | 2 (1.3) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Maternal tobacco smoking during 1st trimester | ||||||
| Yes | 7 (4.5) | 18 (4.8) | 3 (3.3) | 4 (1.9) | 3 (3.8) | 8 (4.6) |
| No | 139 (89.7) | 333 (88.3) | 84 (93.3) | 191 (91.8) | 72 (90.0) | 151 (86.8) |
| Unknown/Missing | 9 (5.8) | 26 (6.9) | 3 (3.3) | 13 (6.3) | 5 (6.2) | 15 (8.6) |
| Maternal alcohol during 1st trimester consumption | ||||||
| Yes | 116 (74.8) | 278 (73.7) | 68 (75.6) | 153 (73.6) | 59 (73.8) | 130 (74.7) |
| No | 39 (25.2) | 98 (26.0) | 22 (24.4) | 55 (26.4) | 21 (26.2) | 44 (25.3) |
| Unknown/Missing | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Gestational weeks 0–4 | ||||||
| None | 96 (61.9) | 222 (58.9) | 55 (61.1) | 121 (58.2) | 49 (61.3) | 98 (56.3) |
| <4 drinks/week | 46 (29.7) | 124 (32.9) | 27 (30.0) | 72 (34.6) | 24 (30.0) | 59 (33.9) |
| 4–10 drinks/week | 8 (5.2) | 25 (6.6) | 7 (7.8) | 12 (5.8) | 9 (11.3) | 14 (8.0) |
| 11–21 drinks/week | 1 (0.7) | 5 (1.3) | 1 (1.1) | 3 (1.4) | 1 (1.3) | 3 (1.7) |
| Unknown/Missing | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Gestational weeks 5–8 | ||||||
| None | 151 (97.4) | 364 (96.6) | 87 (96.7) | 200 (96.2) | 77 (96.3) | 166 (95.4) |
| <4 drinks/week | 3 (1.9) | 6 (1.6) | 2 (2.2) | 5 (2.4) | 2 (2.5) | 3 (1.7) |
| Unknown/Missing | 1 (0.6) | 7 (1.9) | 1 (1.1) | 3 (1.4) | 1 (1.3) | 5 (2.9) |
| Gestational weeks 9–14 | ||||||
| None | 152 (98.1) | 370 (98.1) | 88 (97.8) | 204 (98.1) | 79 (98.8) | 171 (98.3) |
| <4 drinks/week | 3 (1.9) | 3 (0.8) | 2 (2.2) | 2 (1.0) | 1 (1.3) | 1 (0.6) |
| Unknown/Missing | 0 (0.0) | 4 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.1) |
| Maternal non-native English speaker | ||||||
| Yes | 17 (11.0) | 10 (2.7) | 11 (12.2) | 9 (4.3) | 8 (10.0) | 8 (4.6) |
| No | 138 (89.0) | 367 (97.3) | 79 (87.8) | 199 (95.7) | 72 (90.0) | 166 (95.4) |
| Maternal age (years) at baseline | 30.82 (4.06) | 30.16 (4.13) | 31.21 (3.99) | 30.55 (3.77) | 30.99 (3.79) | 30.55 (3.68) |
| Maternal verbal IQ (PPVTa standardized score) | 107.66 (12.92)d | 107.96 (10.64)e | 108.26 (12.99)g | 108.21 (10.19)h | 109.61 (11.30)i | 109.24 (10.59)j |
| Mean maternal stress (PSS-10b) score during pregnancy | 10.61 (5.64) | 11.33 (5.69) | 10.26 (5.46) | 10.82 (5.29) | 9.82 (5.18) | 10.63 (5.47) |
| Mean maternal depression (EPDSc) score during pregnancy | 3.94 (3.05) | 4.31 (3.38) | 3.89 (2.83) | 3.96 (3.15) | 3.62 (2.76) | 3.96 (3.17) |
aPPVT-IV: Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test - Fourth Edition.
bPSS-10: Perceived Stress Scale.
cEPDS: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
dPPVT unable to be collected due to missed visit or COVID-19 n = 121.
ePPVT unable to be collected due to missed visit or COVID-19 n = 47.
fPPVT unable to be collected due to missed visit or COVID-19 n = 2.
gPPVT unable to be collected due to missed visit or COVID-19 n = 18.
hPPVT unable to be collected due to missed visit or COVID-19 n = 38.
iPPVT unable to be collected due to missed visit or COVID-19 n = 13.
jPPVT unable to be collected due to missed visit or COVID-19 n = 22.