Table 1. Clinical Characteristics of Patients With and Without Severe Neurological Manifestations by Acute SARS-CoV-2 and MIS-C Groupa.
| Characteristic | Patients with SARS-CoV-2, No. (%) | Patients with MIS-C, No. (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Without severe neurological manifestations (n = 2444) | With severe neurological manifestations (n = 536) | Without severe neurological manifestations (n = 442) | With severe neurological manifestations (n = 146) | |
| Age, median (IQR)b | 8.0 (0.9-14.0) | 7.0 (1.1-14.0) | 8.5 (2.0-12.0) | 8.6 (5.0-12.0) |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 1145 (46.8) | 227 (42.4) | 193 (43.7) | 62 (42.5) |
| Intersex | 3 (0.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Male | 1296 (53.0) | 309 (57.6) | 249 (56.3) | 84 (57.5) |
| Race | ||||
| Black | 553 (22.6) | 101 (18.8) | 123 (27.8) | 43 (29.5) |
| White | 1283 (52.5) | 301 (56.2) | 208 (47.1) | 66 (45.2) |
| Otherc | 608 (24.9) | 134 (25.0) | 111 (25.1) | 37 (25.3) |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 743 (30.4) | 143 (26.7) | 107 (24.2) | 31 (21.2) |
| Non-Hispanic or non-Latino | 1504 (61.5) | 363 (67.7) | 296 (67.0) | 108 (74.0) |
| Not reported | 197 (8.1) | 30 (5.6) | 39 (8.8) | 7 (4.8) |
| Type of comorbidity | ||||
| None | 955 (39.1) | 156 (29.1) | 308 (69.7) | 98 (67.1) |
| Neurological | 398 (16.3) | 245 (45.7) | 26 (5.9) | 17 (11.6) |
| Nonneurological | 1091 (44.6) | 135 (25.2) | 108 (24.4) | 31 (21.2) |
| Total comorbidities | ||||
| 0 | 955 (39.1) | 156 (29.1) | 308 (69.7) | 98 (67.1) |
| 1 | 695 (28.4) | 130 (24.3) | 95 (21.5) | 24 (16.4) |
| >1 | 794 (32.5) | 250 (46.6) | 39 (8.8) | 24 (16.4) |
| Baseline PCPC | ||||
| 1 | 1989 (81.4) | 317 (59.1) | 404 (91.4) | 126 (86.3) |
| 2 | 137 (5.6) | 54 (10.1) | 12 (2.7) | 6 (4.1) |
| 3 | 84 (3.4) | 52 (9.7) | 3 (0.7) | 7 (4.8) |
| 4 | 91 (3.7) | 72 (13.4) | 2 (0.5) | 5 (3.4) |
| 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.7) |
| Missing | 143 (5.9) | 41 (7.6) | 21 (4.8) | 1 (0.7) |
| Baseline FSS | ||||
| 6-7 | 1950 (79.8) | 344 (64.2) | 388 (87.8) | 129 (88.4) |
| 8-9 | 90 (3.7) | 27 (5.0) | 4 (0.9) | 4 (2.7) |
| 10-14 | 73 (3.0) | 53 (9.9) | 0 | 2 (2.7) |
| ≥15 | 37 (1.5) | 25 (4.7) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.7) |
| Missing | 294 (12.0) | 87 (16.2) | 49 (11.11) | 8 (5.5) |
| Pandemic epoch | ||||
| January-June 2020 | 431 (17.6) | 90 (16.8) | 55 (12.4) | 24 (16.4) |
| July-December 2020 | 1131 (46.3) | 256 (47.8) | 176 (39.8) | 66 (45.2) |
| January-July 2021 | 725 (29.7) | 164 (30.6) | 201 (43.5) | 52 (35.6) |
| Missing | 157 (6.4) | 26 (4.9) | 10 (2.3) | 4 (2.7) |
| ICU admission | 1316 (53.8) | 310 (57.8) | 213 (48.2) | 68 (46.6) |
| Neurological manifestation | ||||
| Acute encephalopathy | NA | 332 (61.9) | NA | 111 (76.0) |
| Seizures or status epilepticus | NA | 218 (40.7) | NA | 14 (9.6) |
| Delirium | NA | 40 (7.5) | NA | 17 (11.6) |
| Coma | NA | 40 (7.5) | NA | 7 (4.8) |
| Hypoxic ischemic brain injury secondary to cardiac arrest | NA | 36 (6.7) | NA | 8 (5.5) |
| Meningitis or encephalitis | NA | 28 (5.2) | NA | 12 (8.2) |
| Stroke | NA | 14 (2.6) | NA | 5 (3.4) |
| Sympathetic storming or dysautonomia | NA | 32 (5.9) | NA | 16 (10.9) |
Abbreviations: FSS, Functional Status Scale; ICU, intensive care unit; MIS-C, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children; NA, not applicable; PCPC, Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category.
a
Scoring for the PCPC and FSS are described in Methods.
b
Age was not recorded for all patients: number without acute SARS-CoV-2, 2438; with acute SARS-CoV-2, 535; without MIS-C, 442; and with MIS-C, 145.
c
Other includes American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and all other races.