Table. Characteristics and Experiences of Respondents by Gender.
| Characteristic | Gender category, No. (%) | P value, women vs men | Adjusted P value, women vs mena | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women (n = 392) | Men (n = 426) | Nonbinary gender or did not indicate (n = 23) | |||
| Gender | |||||
| Man | 0 | 426 (100) | 0 | NA | NA |
| Woman | 392 (100) | 0 | 0 | NA | NA |
| Nonbinary | 0 | 0 | 2 (8.70) | NA | NA |
| Missing or not reported | 0 | 0 | 21 (91.30) | NA | NA |
| Race and ethnicity | |||||
| Asian | 83 (21.17) | 88 (20.66) | 1 (4.35) | .77 | .77 |
| Underrepresented in medicine | 29 (7.39) | 37 (8.69) | 0 | ||
| White | 280 (71.43) | 296 (69.48) | 4 (17.39) | ||
| Missing or not reported | 0 | 5 (1.17) | 18 (78.26) | ||
| Sexual orientation | |||||
| Heterosexual or straight | 374 (95.41) | 409 (96.01) | 2 (8.70) | .28 | >.99 |
| Gay or lesbian | 8 (2.04) | 13 (3.05) | 0 | ||
| Bisexual | 6 (1.53) | 1 (0.23) | 0 | ||
| Noneb | 1 (0.26) | 1 (0.23) | 2 (8.70) | ||
| Missing or not reported | 3 (0.77) | 2 (0.47) | 19 (82.61) | ||
| Marital status and spousal employment | |||||
| Single, divorced, or widowed | 48 (12.24) | 22 (5.16) | 4 (17.39) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Married and spouse or domestic partner not employed or part-time employed | 74 (18.88) | 186 (43.66) | 7 (30.43) | ||
| Married and spouse or domestic partner full-time employed | 266 (67.86) | 214 (50.23) | 10 (43.48) | ||
| Missing or not reported | 4 (1.02) | 4 (0.94) | 2 (8.70) | ||
| Children requiring adult supervision | |||||
| No | 175 (44.64) | 225 (52.82) | 15 (65.22) | .02 | .14 |
| Yes | 213 (54.34) | 196 (46.01) | 6 (26.09) | ||
| Missing or not reported | 4 (1.02) | 5 (1.17) | 2 (8.70) | ||
| Other dependent(s) | |||||
| No | 299 (76.28) | 352 (82.63) | 18 (78.26) | .006 | .06 |
| Yes | 84 (21.43) | 59 (13.85) | 2 (8.70) | ||
| Missing or not reported | 9 (2.30) | 15 (3.52) | 3 (13.04) | ||
| Academic rank | |||||
| Professor | 202 (51.53) | 254 (59.62) | 10 (43.48) | .04 | .30 |
| Associate professor | 175 (44.64) | 153 (35.92) | 0 | ||
| Assistant professor or otherc | 15 (3.83) | 19 (4.46) | 1 (4.35) | ||
| Specialty | |||||
| Basic sciences or nonclinical | 114 (29.08) | 55 (12.91) | 5 (21.74) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Clinical specialties for women, children, and families | 101 (25.77) | 88 (20.66) | 4 (17.39) | ||
| Hospital-based specialties | 34 (8.67) | 60 (14.08) | 5 (21.74) | ||
| Medical specialties | 137 (34.95) | 184 (43.19) | 9 (39.13) | ||
| Surgical specialties | 6 (1.53) | 39 (9.15) | 0 | ||
| Region | |||||
| West | 102 (26.02) | 102 (23.94) | 9 (39.13) | .58 | >.99 |
| Midwest | 77 (19.64) | 99 (23.24) | 3 (13.04) | ||
| Northeast | 128 (32.65) | 124 (29.11) | 7 (30.43) | ||
| South | 83 (21.17) | 98 (23.00) | 4 (17.39) | ||
| International | 2 (0.51) | 3 (0.70) | 0 | ||
| Substantial (>8 hr) disruption in hours spent on work after COVID-19 pandemic | |||||
| No | 315 (80.36) | 356 (83.57) | 18 (78.26) | .30 | .89 |
| Yes | 74 (18.88) | 69 (16.20) | 4 (17.39) | ||
| Missing or not reported | 3 (0.77) | 1 (0.23) | 1 (4.35) | ||
| Substantial (>8 hr) disruption in hours spent on caregiving or domestic labor after COVID-19 pandemic | |||||
| No | 303 (77.30) | 378 (88.73) | 16 (69.57) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Yes | 83 (21.17) | 40 (9.39) | 5 (21.74) | ||
| Missing or not reported | 6 (1.53) | 8 (1.88) | 2 (8.7) | ||
| Work hours per week | |||||
| No. | 389 | 425 | 22 | .006 | .06 |
| Mean (SD) [95% CI] | 55.52 (13.36) [54.19-56.85] | 58.04 (12.68) [56.84-59.25] | 62.27 (15.10) [55.96-68.58] | ||
| Hours spent on caregiving or domestic labor per week | |||||
| No. | 387 | 418 | 21 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Mean (SD) [95% CI] | 30.31 (21.05) [28.21-32.41] | 22.99 (16.88) [21.37-24.61] | 27.81 (18.83) [19.76-35.86] | ||
| Hours spent on patient care per week | |||||
| No. | 382 | 421 | 22 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Mean (SD) [95% CI] | 13.1 (12.96) [11.80-14.40] | 17.67 (14.51) [16.28-19.05] | 16.6 (14.37) [10.59-22.60] | ||
| Hours of sleep per night | |||||
| No. | 388 | 422 | 21 | .07 | .40 |
| Mean (SD) [95% CI] | 6.85 (1.11) [6.74-6.97] | 6.72 (0.93) [6.63-6.81] | 6.36 (1.34) [5.78-6.93] | ||
| Satisfaction with mentoring received | |||||
| No | 111 (28.32) | 100 (23.47) | 11 (47.83) | .22 | >.99 |
| Yes | 268 (68.37) | 294 (69.01) | 9 (39.13) | ||
| Missing or not reported | 13 (3.32) | 32 (7.51) | 3 (13.04) | ||
| Work climate score, generald | |||||
| No. | 379 | 423 | 19 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Mean (SD) [95% CI] | 3.68 (0.92) [3.59-3.77] | 3.97 (0.85) [3.89-4.05] | 3.20 (0.97) [2.77-3.64] | ||
| Work climate score, DEId | |||||
| No. | 377 | 423 | 19 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Mean (SD) [95% CI] | 3.72 (0.82) [3.63-3.80] | 4.17 (0.67) [4.10-4.23] | 3.81 (0.90) [3.41-4.21] | ||
| Sexual harassment experienced | |||||
| No | 107 (27.30) | 231 (54.23) | 5 (21.74) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Yes | 281 (71.68) | 194 (45.54) | 13 (56.52) | ||
| Missing or not reported | 4 (1.02) | 1 (0.23) | 5 (21.74) | ||
Abbreviations: DEI, diversity, equity, and inclusion; NA, not applicable.
a
P values adjusted using the Holm method to account for multiple testing.
b
Write-in responses were queer (n = 2), man (n = 1), and asexual (n = 1).
c
Other includes department chairperson.
d
Work climate was evaluated by a general climate elements scale assessing elements such as friendliness, respect, and collegiality, and a diversity, equity, and inclusion climate elements scale assessing elements such as homogeneity, sexism, and homophobia. Higher scores indicate a more favorable view of the climate.