Table 1.
Nutrient and FA composition of lactation diet, dietary supplement, and linseeds
| Lactation diet1 | Dietary supplement2 | Linseeds3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analyzed nutrient content, % dry matter | |||
| Dry matter, % | 89.0 | 92.7 | 95.1 |
| Crude ash | 5.5 | 10.7 | 3.4 |
| Crude protein | 17.9 | 16.8 | 22.6 |
| Crude fiber | 5.8 | 4.8 | 7.2 |
| Neutral-detergent fiber4 | 17.3 | 12.0 | 16.7 |
| Acid-detergent fiber | 6.7 | 5.5 | 10.3 |
| Acid-detergent lignin | 1.8 | 1.0 | 4.0 |
| Crude fat | 5.2 | 15.9 | 43.8 |
| Nitrogen-free extract | 65.7 | 52.0 | 23.0 |
| Starch | 47.3 | 18.6 | 4.4 |
| Sugar | 5.5 | 13.5 | 2.5 |
| Metabolizable energy4, MJ/kg | 14.7 | 15.7 | 21.0 |
| FA composition (% of total FAs) | |||
| C6:0 | ND | 0.5 | ND |
| C8:0 | ND | 5.3 | ND |
| C10:0 | 0.1 | 4.1 | 0.1 |
| C12:0 | 0.3 | 29.7 | ND |
| C12:1 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 0.1 |
| C14:0 | 0.3 | 11.7 | 0.1 |
| C15:0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | ND |
| C16:0 | 16.6 | 11.7 | 8.3 |
| C16:1 n-7 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.1 |
| C18:0 | 2.9 | 2.1 | 3.6 |
| C18:1 cis/trans-9 | 22.3 | 11.9 | 18.6 |
| C18:2 n-6t | 51.1 | 17.9 | 15.6 |
| C18:3 n-3 | 3.9 | 2.3 | 53.0 |
| C20:0 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| C20:1 cis-11 n-9 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Other FAs5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
| Saturated FAs | 20.6 | 65.3 | 12.3 |
| Unsaturated FAs | 79.2 | 34.4 | 87.6 |
| Monounsaturated FAs | 24.1 | 14.2 | 18.9 |
| Polyunsaturated FAs | 55.0 | 20.2 | 68.7 |
| Omega-6 FAs | 51.2 | 17.9 | 15.6 |
| Omega-3 FAs | 3.9 | 2.3 | 53.0 |
| FAs, g/100 g diet sample | 3.37 | 12.79 | 31.92 |
1ZuchtsauenKorn S Vital, Garant-Tiernahrung GmbH, Poechlarn, Austria. Ingredient composition: corn, wheat, barley, soybean meal, sunflower meal, wheat bran, apple pomace, soybean oil, calcium carbonate, monocalcium phosphate, sodium chloride, magnesium phosphate, fish oil, l-cellulose, molasses. Vitamin and mineral composition per kg feed: 10,000 IU of vitamin A, 1,800 IU of vitamin D, 100 mg of Fe as iron (II) sulfate, 15 mg of Cu as copper (II) sulfate, 90 mg of Zn as zinc sulfate, 40 mg of Mn as manganese (II) oxide, 1.5 mg of I as calcium iodate, 0.4 mg of Se as sodium selenite. Technological additives: 500 FTU phytase, 2 mg of butylated hydroxyanisole, 10 mg of butylated hydroxytoluene, 2 mg of propyl gallate.
2Provizog Livapig, Garant-Tiernahrung GmbH, Poechlarn, Austria. Ingredients: chiccory pulp, whey fat, soybean toasted, soy protein concentrate, saccharose, barley, wheat, wheat meal, solubilized wheat, corn, soybean oil, magnesium oxide, proxymum, lactose, fish oil, rapeseed oil, sodium chloride, mono-dicalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, curcuma, fenugreek, onion mash, grape seed juice. Vitamin and mineral composition per kg feed: 10,000 IU of vitamin A, 2,000 IU of vitamin D, 250 IU/mg of vitamin E, 160 mg of Fe as iron (II) sulfate monohydrate, 15 mg of Cu as glycine-copper chelate, 65 mg of Zn as zinc sulfate, 40 mg of Mn as manganese (II) oxide, 6.9 mg of I as potassium iodate, 0.3 mg of Se as sodium selenite. Technological additives: 706 FTU phytase, 6,600 VU xylanase, 9,000 VU endo-1,3(4)-β-gluacanase, 9,400 mg of benzoic acid, 50 mg of propyl gallate, 703 mg of sepiolite, 16,000 mg of clinoptilolite, 196 mg of natrolite-phonolite.
3Linseeds, Lagerhaus, Pottenstein, Austria.
4Values were calculated based on official guidelines from the Association of German Agricultural Analytic and Research Institute VDLUFA (Naumann and Bassler, 2012) and German Agricultural Society (Bornholdt, 2010; Spiekers et al., 2013).
5Other FAs represent the sum of non-classified FAs and were not used for calculating saturated and unsaturated FA content in diet samples.