Table 1.
Subgroup analyses of the prevalence of depression in postmenopausal women
| Subgroups | Categories (number of reports) | Prevalence (%) | 95%CI (%) | I2 (%) | p value for hetergeneity | p value between groups |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic status of countries | developed countries (22) | 15.90 | 13.30–18.60 | 99.9 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| developing countries (30) | 37.30 | 29.60–44.90 | 99.4 | <0.001 | ||
| Study type | cross-sectional (46) | 30.00 | 27.50–32.40 | 99.7 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| cohort (6) | 13.80 | 10.60–17.00 | 99.7 | <0.001 | ||
| Sample size | <1000 (34) | 35.00 | 28.00–42.00 | 98.9 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| ≥ 1000 (18) | 16.80 | 13.60–19.90 | 99.9 | <0.001 | ||
| Year of publication | <2016 (24) | 24.70 | 21.80–27.60 | 99.9 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| ≥ 2016 (28) | 31.20 | 26.40–36.00 | 99.6 | <0.001 | ||
| Instrument | BDI (14) | 38.10 | 24.40–51.90 | 99.4 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| CES-D (12) | 26.70 | 23.50–29.80 | 99.6 | <0.001 | ||
| GDS (4) | 29.10 | 16.70–41.50 | 96.0 | <0.001 | ||
| HAM-D (5) | 45.20 | 31.00-59.40 | 97.8 | <0.001 | ||
| SDS (3) | 19.50 | 7.90–31.10 | 96.2 | <0.001 | ||
| PHQ-9 (3) | 16.30 | 8.50–24.00 | 98.8 | <0.001 | ||
| diagnosed by a physician (4) | 11.00 | 4.00-18.10 | 99.7 | <0.001 | ||
| Other (7) | 15.60 | 12.8–18.4 | 99.8 | <0.001 |
BDI, Beck Depressive Inventory; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; HAM-D, Hamilton Depression Scale; SDS, Zung’s Self-rating Depression Scale; PHQ-9,9-item Patient Health Questionnaire; CI, confidence interval