Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Participants in Different HSI Groups (n (%) or Mean ± SD or Median [IQR])
| Variables | HSI groups | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | ||
| n | 3611 | 3610 | 3611 | 3611 | |
| Male | 1506 (41.71%) | 1644 (45.54%) | 2075 (57.46%) | 2713 (75.13%) | <0.001 |
| HSI | 26.22 ± 1.47 | 29.44 ± 0.75 | 32.29 ± 0.95 | 38.09 ± 3.56 | <0.001 |
| Age(yrs) | 42.34±9.19 | 43.42 ± 8.94 | 44.51 ± 8.70 | 43.21 ± 8.07 | <0.001 |
| Body Weight (kg) | 51.63 ± 7.42 | 56.82 ± 8.05 | 61.87 ± 8.54 | 71.72 ± 10.67 | <0.001 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 19.12 ± 1.53 | 20.97 ± 1.58 | 22.59 ± 1.74 | 25.45 ± 2.77 | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 68.99 ± 5.86 | 73.33 ± 6.42 | 77.65 ± 6.65 | 85.04 ± 7.85 | <0.001 |
| Ethanol consumption (g/wk) | 42.00 [77.36] | 44.52 [79.88] | 52.21 [84.08] | 56.31 [89.15] | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 108.28 ± 13.27 | 111.64 ± 13.61 | 115.29 ± 14.22 | 121.81 ± 14.67 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 67.55 ± 9.31 | 69.67 ± 9.69 | 72.17 ± 10.11 | 76.34 ± 10.58 | <0.001 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 15.01 [13.15] | 16.28 [11.35] | 20.25 [17.83] | 28.88 [23.41] | <0.001 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 13.31 [5.39] | 15.81 [5.80] | 19.03 [7.66] | 30.64 [21.91] | <0.001 |
| AST (IU/L) | 18.11 [6.73] | 17.26 [5.42] | 17.35 [6.06] | 20.08 [13.20] | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.88 ± 0.82 | 5.02 ± 0.82 | 5.16 ± 0.85 | 5.34 ± 0.86 | <0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 0.64 ± 0.46 | 0.75 ± 0.48 | 0.93 ± 0.61 | 1.27 ± 0.79 | <0.001 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.63 ± 0.39 | 1.55 ± 0.40 | 1.43 ± 0.38 | 1.25 ± 0.33 | <0.001 |
| Smoking status | <0.001 | ||||
| Never | 2404 (66.57%) | 2310 (63.99%) | 2049 (56.74%) | 1670 (46.25%) | |
| Past | 509 (14.10%) | 643 (17.81%) | 784 (21.71%) | 825 (22.85%) | |
| Current | 698 (19.33%) | 657 (18.20%) | 778 (21.55%) | 1116 (30.91%) | |
| Habit of exercise | <0.001 | ||||
| No | 2984 (82.64%) | 2916 (80.78%) | 2934 (81.25%) | 3071 (85.05%) | |
| Yes | 627 (17.36%) | 694 (19.22%) | 677 (18.75%) | 540 (14.95%) | |
| Fatty liver | 34 (0.94%) | 170 (4.71%) | 477 (13.21%) | 1691 (46.83%) | <0.001 |
| Incident DM | 21 (0.58%) | 26 (0.72%) | 38 (1.05%) | 153 (4.24%) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, Waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; GGT, gamma glutamyl transferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; TC, total cholesterol; TG, total triglycerides; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.