Table 3.
Final Model Formed from Multivariable Analysis Results, on GDM Case and Control Study, Pregnant Women in Sidama-Region, Ethiopia(n=633), 2023
| Determinants | Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) | COR(95% CI) | AOR(95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case (n=255) | Control (n=378) | ||||
| No | No | ||||
| Age at first conception (in years) | 255 | 378 | 0.97(0.95,0.99) | 0.97(0.95,0.99) | 0.01* |
| Place of residence | |||||
| Rural | 156 | 239 | 1 | 1 | |
| Urban | 99 | 139 | 1.09(0.79,1.51) | 1.66 (01.14,2.40) | 0.01** |
| Education of women | |||||
| Non-Educated | 68 | 95 | 1 | 1 | |
| Primary school completed | 40 | 83 | 0.67(0.41,1.10) | 0.70(0.43,1.16) | 0.17 |
| Secondary school completed | 89 | 122 | 1.02(0.67,1.54) | 1.15(0.73,1.80) | 0.56 |
| University/College | 58 | 78 | 1.04(0.66,1.65) | 1.16(0.67,1.91) | 0.57 |
| Education of spouse’s | |||||
| Non-Educated | 32 | 66 | 1 | 1 | |
| Primary school completed | 42 | 64 | 1.35(0.76,2.40) | 1.23(0.68,2.21) | 0.48 |
| Secondary school completed | 41 | 69 | 1.23(0.69,2.17) | 1.08(0.60,1.94) | 0.80 |
| University/College | 140 | 179 | 1.61(1.0,02.60) | 1.16(0.71,1.90) | 0.55 |
| Marital status | |||||
| Single | 63 | 82 | 1 | 1 | |
| Married | 79 | 110 | 0.94(0.60,1.45) | 0.72(0.44,1.15) | 0.17 |
| Separated | 62 | 73 | 1.11(0.69,1.77) | 0.96(0.57,1.60) | 0.86 |
| Widowed | 51 | 113 | 1.52(0.84,2.73) | 0.52(0.30,0.90) | 0.02* |
| Wealth index in quartiles | |||||
| Lowest | 75 | 100 | 1 | 1 | |
| Middle | 130 | 168 | 1.03(0.71,1.50) | 0.87(0.58,1.30) | 0.51 |
| Highest | 50 | 110 | 0.61(0.39,0.950) | 0.63(0.39,1.01) | 0.06 |
| Previous history of still birth | |||||
| No | 161 | 249 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 94 | 129 | 1.13(0.81,1.57) | 1.15(1.04,2.30) | 0.03* |
| Previous C/S# history | |||||
| No | 128 | 215 | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 127 | 163 | 1.31(0.95,1.80) | 1.86(1.13,2.66) | 0.01* |
| Previous GDM history | |||||
| No | 121 | 213 | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 134 | 165 | 1.43(1.04,1.97) | 0.73(0.73,1.18) | 0.20 |
| Preterm delivery history of women | |||||
| No | 168 | 286 | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 87 | 92 | 1.61(1.14,2.28) | 1.28(0.77,2.12) | 0.34 |
| Previous child birth weight | 255 | 378 | 1.15(0.70,1.90) | 0.95(0.55,1.64) | 0.85 |
| HIV/AIDS status | |||||
| Positive | 111 | 121 | 1 | 1 | |
| Negative | 144 | 257 | 0.61(0.44,0.85) | 01.16(0.81,1.65) | 0.42 |
| Parity | 255 | 378 | 1.09(1.02,1.16) | 1.10(1.03,1.17) | 0.01** |
| Measure MUAC of women in CM | |||||
| MUAC < 28.00 Cm! | 185 | 299 | 1 | 1 | |
| MUAC>/= 28.01 Cm | 70 | 79 | 1.43(0.99,2.07) | 1.00(0.96,1.04) | 0.90 |
Notes: *Significant at P<0.05, **Significant at P<0.01. #C/S, Caesarian-sections, !CM, Centimeters. Outcome Variable: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Exposure Variable(s) entered: age at first conception (in years), Place of residence, education of women, education of spouse’s, marital status, wealth index in quartiles, previous history of still birth, previous GDM history, previous C/S history, preterm delivery history of women, Previous child birth weight, HIV/AIDS status, Parity, and measure MUAC of women in CM.