TABLE 4.

Clinical outcomes of IBS patients after 4 weeks of intervention (mean ± SD).

Group	Weeks
	Baseline	2 weeks	4 weeks
Total score
Control	202.80 ± 90.97	179.60 ± 52.70	232.20 ± 113.74
Low‐FODMAPs	208.56 ± 57.26	130.83 ± 51.92*	116.00 ± 51.37*,**
Probiotic	254.63 ± 83.87	147.67 ± 61.99*	125.50 ± 67.46*,**
Combined	243.85 ± 78.79	172.45 ± 78.57*	159.30 ± 69.60*
p	.192	.187	.005
Abdominal pain
Control	35.00 ± 13.69	25.00 ± 17.68	30.00 ± 27.37
Low‐FODMAPs	26.39 ± 21.82	11.11 ± 12.78*	9.72 ± 15.19*
Probiotic	32.29 ± 24.98	16.67 ± 15.93*	13.54 ± 16.45*
Combined	27.50 ± 21.31	23.75 ± 26.25	15.00 ± 12.57*
p	.711	.307	.210
Pain frequency
Control	48.00 ± 48.17	64.00 ± 49.80	64.00 ± 49.80
Low‐FODMAPs	28.33 ± 33.08	10.56 ± 15.89*	8.33 ± 13.39*,**
Probiotic	35.42 ± 35.17	19.79 ± 23.75*	13.33 ± 21.65*,**
Combined	52.50 ± 39.55	33.00 ± 40.92*	26.75 ± 34.69*
p	.314	.094	.041
Bloating
Control	30.00 ± 11.18	25.00 ± 17.68	45.00 ± 37.08
Low‐FODMAPs	31.67 ± 24.07	16.67 ± 12.13*	16.67 ± 14.85*
Probiotic	48.96 ± 30.82	23.96 ± 15.60*	21.88 ± 18.52*
Combined	33.75 ± 21.88	17.50 ± 18.32*	16.25 ± 16.77*
p	.163	.351	.170
Bowel habits
Control	46.60 ± 38.11	33.20 ± 23.69	53.20 ± 30.02
Low‐FODMAPs	63.06 ± 22.71	50.06 ± 26.39*	48.11 ± 17.38*
Probiotic	68.13 ± 25.13	47.25 ± 22.04*	44.38 ± 19.10*
Combined	68.60 ± 25.14	51.60 ± 25.47*	53.25 ± 25.27*
p	.455	.535	.769
Life impact
Control	33.20 ± 23.69	26.40 ± 14.76	40.00 ± 28.09
Low‐FODMAPs	57.44 ± 22.53	42.44 ± 15.67*	33.22 ± 28.08*
Probiotic	68.17 ± 20.89**	40.13 ± 17.20*	34.58 ± 20.93*
Combined	59.95 ± 25.76	46.60 ± 27.52*	46.55 ± 27.48*
p	.049	.287	.404

Note: p values indicate whether there is a significant difference among the four groups at different time points.

^*Compared to the baseline in the corresponding same group, p < .05.

^**Compared to the control group on the same date, p < .05.