Inhibition of HIV-1 infectivity by DexS. HIV-1HXBc2 and HIV-1JRCSF were preincubated for 1 h at 37°C with the concentrations of DexS shown, then added to activated PBL for a further 1 h. After being washed, the cells were cultured for 7 days, and then the production of virus was measured by detection of cell-free viral p24 in the supernatant. The results, expressed as picograms of p24 per milliliter, were calculated from the optical densities at 492 nm. Each bar represents the mean of values for three replicate wells, and the error bars indicate ± 1 standard deviation.