Table 1. Prevalence of Adverse SDOH by Race and Ethnicity.
| Adverse SDOH | Racial and ethnic groups, prevalence (95% CI), %a | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asian | Black | Mexican American | Other Hispanic | White | >1 or Other raceb | |
| Less than full food security | 26.2 (15.4-40.8) | 55.7 (50.2-61.1) | 55.5 (48.4-62.3) | 51.9 (40.7-62.9) | 29.6 (23.8-36.2) | 45.3 (33.5-57.7) |
| Nonprivate insurance | ||||||
| Public | 29.5 (19.7-41.7) | 60.3 (55.7-64.8) | 53.3 (47.1-59.3) | 55.8 (47.2-64.1) | 33.2 (28.7-38.0) | 40.1 (30.3-50.8) |
| None | 6.8 (2.8-15.6)c | 8.6 (6.1-12.1) | 18.7 (14.2-24.0) | 15.1 (9.4-23.4) | 6.7 (4.2-10.5) | 11.8 (5.3-24.3)c |
| Household income <130% poverty level | 29.4 (19.4-41.9) | 49.3 (43.3-55.4) | 51.5 (44.6-58.5) | 51.0 (42.3-59.6) | 24.3 (19.7-29.5) | 33.5 (23.5-45.2) |
| Any adverse SDOH | 52.4 (40.3-64.3) | 85.9 (81.7-89.3) | 83.4 (78.5-87.3) | 82.7 (76.0-87.8) | 54.0 (48.3-59.7) | 67.4 (56.6-76.6) |
| Cumulative adverse SDOH | ||||||
| 1 | 21.1 (13.9-30.8) | 29.0 (23.5-35.2) | 21.7 (17.0-27.4) | 23.0 (15.4-32.9) | 26.6 (21.6-32.3) | 24.2 (14.6-37.3) |
| 2 | 21.0 (12.8-32.4) | 24.8 (20.4-29.9) | 31.0 (25.7-36.8) | 27.7 (20.0-37.1) | 15.2 (11.0-20.6) | 21.8 (12.6-35.0) |
| 3 | 10.3 (4.4-22.3) | 32.0 (26.6-38.0) | 30.7 (24.2-38.0) | 32.0 (23.1-42.4) | 12.2 (8.5-17.3) | 21.4 (12.4-34.5) |
Abbreviation: SDOH, social determinants of health.
a
Unweighted sample sizes with responses for each measure included 1534 for food security, 1544 for health insurance, 1520 for income, and 1416 youths for any and cumulative SDOH. Data are from the 2011 to 2018 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey including youths aged 12 to 18 years with a body mass index at or above the 85th percentile without known diabetes. P < .001 for all between-group differences.
b
Other includes American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and other race.
c
Estimate may be less reliable owing to a relative SE of 30% or greater.