Table 2.
Patients characteristics and endpoints by best mobilization under V-V ECMO.
| Baseline characteristics | Total (n = 343) | None (n = 179) | In bed (n = 102) | Edge of bed (n = 9) | Chair (n = 33) | Standing (n = 20) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage of patients | 100 | 52 | 30 | 3 | 10 | 6 | |
| Age | 55 (45–64) | 54 (44–61) | 59 (46–67) | 50 (33–66) | 56 (50–64) | 58 (36–63) | 0.2072c |
| Female gender | 108 (31.5%) | 64 (35.8%) | 26 (25.5%) | 3 (33.3%) | 11 (33.3%) | 4 (20%) | 0.3424d |
| BMI | 25.1 (23.6–30.2) | 24.5 (23.5–30.1) | 26.1 (23.9–30.6) | 28.4 (24.8–39.6) | 26.5 (23.9–31.8) | 26.0 (21.4–29.4) | 0.1174c |
| Preexisting conditions | |||||||
| Hypercholesterolemia | 41 (12%) | 20 (11.2%) | 14 (13.7%) | 2 (22.2%) | 3 (9.1%) | 2 (10%) | 0.8018d |
| Nicotine use disorder | 109 (31.8%) | 63 (35.2%) | 26 (25.5%) | 3 (33.3%) | 11 (33.3%) | 6 (30%) | 0.5746d |
| Coronary heart disease | 37 (10.8%) | 20 (11.2%) | 9 (8.8%) | 1 (11.1%) | 5 (15.2%) | 2 (10%) | 0.8937d |
| Hypertension | 124 (36.2%) | 61 (34.1%) | 37 (36.3%) | 3 (33.3%) | 16 (48.5%) | 7 (35%) | 0.6355d |
| Liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis | 21 (6.1%) | 18 (10.1%) | 2 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.0352 d |
| Chronic kidney disease | 23 (6.7%) | 11 (6.1%) | 9 (8.8%) | 1 (11.1%) | 2 (6.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.6339d |
| Diabetes mellitus | 49 (14.3%) | 27 (15.1%) | 13 (12.7%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (18.2%) | 3 (15%) | 0.6975d |
| Oncological disorders | 59 (17.2%) | 34 (19%) | 18 (17.6%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (12.1%) | 3 (15%) | 0.5655d |
| Immunodeficiency | 93 (27.1%) | 56 (31.3%) | 27 (26.5%) | 3 (33.3%) | 4 (12.1%) | 3 (15%) | 0.1353d |
| Chronic lung disease | 97 (28.3%) | 50 (27.9%) | 29 (28.4%) | 3 (33.3%) | 9 (27.3%) | 6 (30%) | 0.9966d |
| CPR within 48 h before EMCO | 32 (9.3%) | 23 (12.8%) | 7 (6.9%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (6.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.1494d |
| Respiratory situation before ECMO | |||||||
| Horowitz index | 70 (58–93) | 72 (60–107) | 69 (58–87) | 70 (61–102) | 63 (49–77) | 65 (46–96) | 0.0091 c |
| pO2-arterial (mmHg) | 65 (58–75) | 66 (58–78) | 64 (56–71) | 70 (59–80) | 62 (44–71) | 61 (45–73) | 0.0164 c |
| FiO2 | 1.0 (0.8–1.0) | 1 (0.8–1) | 1 (0.8–1) | 1 (0.9–1) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (0.8–1) | 0.4644c |
| pCO2-arterial (mmHg) | 56 (46–73) | 56 (46–72) | 59 (45–78) | 51 (41–115) | 54 (47–71) | 48 (40–71) | 0.6284c |
| pH–arterial | 7.3 (7.2–7.3) | 7.2 (7.2–7.3) | 7.3 (7.2–7.3) | 7.3 (7.2–7.4) | 7.4 (7.2–7.5) | 7.3 (7.3–7.4) | 0.0030 c |
| Peak inspiratory pressure ≥42 cm H2O | 33 (9.6%) | 24 (13.4%) | 6 (5.9%) | 1 (11.1%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (10%) | 0.0869d |
| ICU stay | |||||||
| Duration of ICU stay from ECMO d1 (d) | 13.7 (8.7–26.8) | 11.0 (5.9–18.0) | 17.0 (9.5–29.7) | 26.7 (14.4–57.3) | 17.8 (10.8–42.8) | 40.8 (21.7–72.6) | 0.0001 c |
| ECMO runtime (d) | 7.9 (4.7–15.0) | 147 (80–239) | 230 (147–413) | 615 (169–852) | 422 (220–778) | 782 (407–1664) | 0.0001 c |
| Mechanical ventilation (d) | 11.8 (6.7–23.8) | 9.5 (5.3–15.3) | 14.8 (8.7–26.4) | 26.7 (10.0–38.9) | 19.1 (10.5–45.2) | 38.1 (5.7–72.6) | 0.0001 c |
| Endpoints | |||||||
| 30-day survival | 179 (52.2%) | 80 (44.7%) | 55 (53.9%) | 6 (66.7%) | 22 (66.7%) | 16 (80%) | 0.0077 d |
| ICU survival | 160 (46.6%) | 78 (43.6%) | 49 (48.0%) | 4 (44.4%) | 17 (51.5%) | 12 (60%) | 0.6406d |
| Hospital survival | 159 (46.4%) | 78 (43.6%) | 48 (47.1%) | 4 (44.4%) | 17 (51.5%) | 12 (60%) | 0.6553d |
| ECMO weaning | 197 (57.4%) | 103 (57.5%) | 56 (54.9%) | 5 (55.6%) | 19 (57.6%) | 14 (70%) | 0.8136d |
| Vent. Weaning | 169 (49.3%) | 80 (44.7%) | 51 (50.0%) | 5 (55.6%) | 19 (57.6%) | 14 (70%) | 0.1981d |
Data given in median (interquartile range) or in number of patients patients (percentage of group). p-values are calculated between groups using either cKruskal–Wallis test or dChi-Square test.
BMI, body-mass-index; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Vent., ventilation. Bold values indicate a p-value < 0.05.