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. 2024 May 23;12(23):8860–8870. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c01952

Table 1. Assumed Values for the Performance Parameters in Equation 1 Used to Calculate the Lifetime Electricity Output.

  System Unit 2023 2027 2030 2033 2035 2040 2045 2050 Source
I All kWh/m2/year 1391 (24)
PR All % 83 (1)
PDi Single junction, monofacial % 21.4 22.0 22.5 22.8 23.0 23.5 23.8 24.0 ‘23–‘33,18 ‘35-‘50: extrapolation
Single junction, bifacial % 25.1 25.9 26.4 26.8 27.0 27.6 28.0 28.2 117.5% of single-junction, monofacial
Tandem, monofacial % 26.5 26.1 26.7 27.3 27.7 28.7 29.7 30.7 ‘23,14 ‘27–‘33,18
‘35–‘50: extrapolation
Tandem, bifacial % 30.5 30.0 30.7 31.4 31.9 33.0 34.2 35.3 115% of tandem, monofacial
LT All year 30 32.5 40 (18)
DR Single junction % 0.5 0.45 0.4 (18)
Tandem % 0.5 or 1 or 2 or 3 scenario analysis