TABLE 1b.
Household-associated baseline risk factors for meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage, unadjusted
| Characteristic (N = 134) | MRSA- positive (n = 12) | MRSA- negative (n = 122) | OR (95% CI) | p-value | Cats: OR; (95% CI); p-value | Dogs: OR; (95% CI); p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Environmental MRSA positivity, no. (%) | Env. positive, 100 (74.6%) | 12 | 88 | – | – | – | – |
| Env. neg, 34 (25.4%) | 0 | 34 | |||||
| Pet bed MRSA+, no. (%) | MRSA detected on pet bed, 21 (15.7%) | 6 | 15 | 7.13 (1.87, 27.26) | 0.005* | 13.06; (2.59, 65.69); 0.003* | 2.50; (0.28, 22.41); 0.401 |
| MRSA not detected on pet bed, 113 (84.3%)† | 6 | 107 | |||||
| Pet antibiotic use over previous 12 months, no. (%) | Antibiotics, 10 (7%) | 3 | 7 | 5.48 (1.33, 22.59) | 0.02* | 20.25 (4.40, 93.28); 0.00* | – |
| No antibiotics, 124 (93%) | 9 | 115 | |||||
| Nature of person–pet contact (cutoff score=2), no. (%) | Close human contact, 89 (66 %) | 9 | 80 | 1.58 (0.29, 8.67) | 0.596 | – | 0.36; (0.04, 3.30); 0.353 |
| Casual human contact, 45 (34%) | 3 | 42 | |||||
| Kennel/boarding/ daycare, no. (%) | Any kennel, 12 (9%) | 3 | 9 | 4.19 (0.54, 32.30) | 0.166 | 1.7; (0.10, 29.03); 0.707 | 10.33; (0.78, 136.36); 0.075 |
| No kennel, 122 (91%) | 9 | 113 | |||||
| House pests, no. (%) | Any pests, 102 (76%) | 8 | 94 | 0.6 (0.19, 1.83) | 0.36 | 1.39; (0.32, 6.05); 0.653 | 0.21; (0.04, 1.20); 0.077 |
| No pests, 32 (24%) | 4 | 28 | |||||
| Presence of mould, no. (%) | Any mould, 79 (59%) | 7 | 72 | 0.97 (0.23, 4.10) | 0.969 | 5.2; (0.59, 46.06); 0.134 | 0.14; (0.01, 1.73); 0.122 |
| No mould, 55 (41%) | 5 | 50 | |||||
| Rural versus urban/periurban, no. (%) | Rural, 35 (26%) | 2 | 33 | 0.54 (0.05, 5.59) | 0.599 | – | 1.17; (0.09, 15.64); 0.905 |
| Nonrural, 99 (74%) | 10 | 89 | |||||
| Season (spring/summer versus autumn/winter), no. (%) | Spring/ summer, 89 (66.4%) | 9 | 80 | 1.58 (0.39, 6.41) | 0.52 | 1.62; (0.28, 9.45); 0.584 | 1.74; (0.18, 16.70); 0.622 |
| Autumn/winter, 45 (33.6%) | 3 | 42 | |||||
| Fleas on pet during household exam, no. (%) | Fleas, 12 (9.0%) | 2 | 10 | 12 (0.91, 158.90) | 0.059 | 9.17; (0.43, 193.31); 0.149 | 16.25; (0.68, 387.80); 0.083 |
| No fleas, 115 (91.0%) | 2 | 120 | |||||
OR, odds ratio, logistic regression; –, not estimable due to 0 stratum
†
Includes both pets with beds sampled with no MRSA detected and pets without any bed available to sample