Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the survivors and Non-survivors groups at 30 days following hospital admission.
| Variable | Total (n = 991) | Survivor (n = 796) | Non-survivor (n = 195) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ages (year) | 81.63 (75–89) | 81.09 (74–88) | 83.85 (79–91) | <0.001 |
| Sex: male | 357 (36.02) | 275 (34.55) | 82 (42.05) | 0.050 |
| BMI | 25.89 (21.51–28.98) | 26.1 (21.7–29.1) | 25.0 (15.6–43.4) | 0.018 |
| Temperature (°C) | 36.79 (36.56–37.02) | 36.8 (36.6–37.0) | 36.7 (36.5–37.0) | 0.153 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 84.66 (73.92–83.69) | 84.4 (73.7–93.8) | 85.7 (75.6–95.4) | 0.119 |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 19.45 (16.72–21.71) | 19.3 (16.7–21.5) | 20.0 (17.1–22.3) | 0.065 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 118.28 (105.58–129.40) | 119.0 (106.3–130.2) | 115.4 (103.9–126.1) | 0.006 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 59.38 (51.69–66.08) | 59.6 (51.9–66.6) | 58.4 (50.8–64.9) | 0.081 |
| MBP (mmHg) | 75.12 (67.52–81.62) | 75.5 (68.0–82.2) | 73.7 (65.9–80.2) | 0.021 |
| SpO2 (%) | 96.74 (95.50–98.24) | 96.8 (95.6–98.2) | 96.6 (95.1–98.2) | 0.464 |
| Commorbidities | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 229 (23.1) | 187 (23.5) | 42 (21.54) | 0.317 |
| Rheumatic Disease | 77 (7.77) | 66 (8.29) | 11 (5.64) | 0.136 |
| COPD | 131 (13.22) | 109 (13.69) | 22 (11.28) | 0.373 |
| PE | 59 (5.95) | 45 (6.03) | 14 (7.18) | 0.420 |
| DVT | 79 (7.97) | 63 (7.91) | 16 (8.21) | 0.893 |
| Dementia | 71 (7.16) | 50 (6.28) | 21 (10.77) | 0.029 |
| Coronary heart disease | 324 (32.69) | 252 (31.66) | 72 (36.92) | 0.160 |
| Osteoporosis | 205 (20.69) | 172 (21.61) | 33 (16.92) | 0.148 |
| Sepsis | 61 (6.16) | 33 (4.15) | 28 (14.36) | <0.001 |
| CKD | 220 (22.20) | 169 (21.23) | 51 (26.15) | 0.138 |
| Pneumonia | 41 (4.14) | 31 (3.89) | 10 (5.13) | 0.438 |
| Cerebral infarction | 128 (12.92) | 96 (12.06) | 32 (16.41) | 0.105 |
| Hypertension | 185 (18.67) | 149 (18.72) | 36 (18.46) | 0.934 |
| Laboratory tests | ||||
| Anion gap (mEq/L) | 14.8 (12–17) | 14.73 (12–16.5) | 15.19 (12–17) | 0.261 |
| CK-MB(ng/ml) | 9.9 (3.0–13.6) | 9.90 (3–13.3) | 9.98 (3.10–14.55) | 0.490 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 30.0 (17–35.5) | 28.95 (16–33.75) | 34.51 (20–43) | <0.001 |
| ALP(U/L) | 100.6 (61.3–124.0) | 98.76 (60–121.33) | 108.28 (67–134) | 0.060 |
| Bicarbonate(mmol/L) | 24.9 (22–28) | 24.95 (22.25–28) | 24.66 (22–28) | 0.470 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 1.0 (0.4–1.2) | 1.01 (0.4–1.2) | 1.08 (0.4–1.28) | 0.661 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 137.8 (135–141) | 137.79 (135–141) | 138.10 (135–141) | 0.647 |
| Chloride (mmol/L) | 103.7 (100–107) | 103.50 (100–107) | 104.38 (101–108) | 0.110 |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 5.5 (1.1–8.5) | 5.66 (1.14–8.55) | 4.61 (1.1–8.25) | 0.001 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.2 (3.6–4.6) | 4.24 (3.75–4.6) | 4.29 (3.7–4.7) | 0.106 |
| PT(s) | 16.3 (12.3–16.3) | 16.05 (12.3–16.3) | 17.35 (12.7–17.4) | 0.007 |
| PTT(s) | 37.0 (27.8–38.1) | 36.91 (27.8–37.9) | 37.54 (27.9–41.1) | 0.459 |
| PT-INR | 1.47 (1.1–1.5) | 1.45 (1.1–1.5) | 1.60 (1.1–1.7) | 0.043 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.0 (0.6–1) | 1.01 (0.6–1) | 1.12 (0.6–1.2) | 0.371 |
| WBC counts (109/L) | 11.8 (7.4–14.1) | 11.40 (7.3–13.78) | 13.42 (8.1–16.8) | 0.001 |
| Platelet counts (109/L) | 209.8 (145–260) | 208.42 (145–259.75) | 215.47 (143–271) | 0.566 |
| Lymphocyte counts (109/L) | 1.4 (0.8–1.6) | 1.44 (0.84–1.66) | 1.16 (0.62–1.38) | <0.001 |
| Neutrophil counts (109/L) | 8.8 (5.0–10.9) | 8.31 (4.81–10.49) | 10.65 (6.16–13.50) | <0.001 |
| Monocyte counts (109/L) | 0.6 (0.3–0.7) | 0.57 (0.34–0.66) | 0.62 (0.37–0.76) | 0.014 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.1 (8.6–11.4) | 10.15 (8.6–11.5) | 9.53 (8.5–11.2) | 0.134 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 31.2 (26.9–35.2) | 31.2 (26.7–35.3) | 31.0 (27.3–34.7) | 0.612 |
| Heparin | 635 (64.08) | 508 (63.82) | 127 (65.13) | 0.773 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 173 (17.46) | 128 (16.08) | 45 (23.08) | 0.021 |
| SII | 2115.26 (655.11–2379.63) | 1803.07 (595.67–2178.48) | 3389.64 (927.3–3,652) | <0.001 |
| Severity of illness scores | ||||
| SOFA | 1.59 (1–2) | 1.51 (1–1.53) | 1.93 (1–3) | 0.009 |
| SAPS II | 41.46 (33–47) | 40.28 (33–46) | 46.27 (37–54) | <0.001 |
| LODS | 4.93 (3–6) | 4.67 (3–6) | 6.01 (4–8) | <0.001 |
| OASIS | 34.01 (28–39) | 33.34 (28–38) | 36.75 (31–43) | <0.001 |
SII, systemic immune-inflammation index; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MBP, mean blood pressure; SpO2, pulse oximetry-derived oxygen saturation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PE, pulmonary embolism; DVT, deep venous thrombosis; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CK-MB, Creatine Kinase Isoenzyme-MB;BUN, blood urea nitrogen; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; PT, prothrombin time; PTT, partial thromboplastin time; WBC, white blood cell; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; SAPS II, simplifed acute physiological score II; LODS, the logistic organ dysfunction system; OASIS, oxford acute severity of illness score.