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. 2024 May 30;11:1408371. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1408371

Table 2.

Baseline characteristics of the survivors and Non-survivors groups at 30 days following hospital admission.

Variable Total (n = 991) Survivor (n = 796) Non-survivor (n = 195) p-value
Ages (year) 81.63 (75–89) 81.09 (74–88) 83.85 (79–91) <0.001
Sex: male 357 (36.02) 275 (34.55) 82 (42.05) 0.050
BMI 25.89 (21.51–28.98) 26.1 (21.7–29.1) 25.0 (15.6–43.4) 0.018
Temperature (°C) 36.79 (36.56–37.02) 36.8 (36.6–37.0) 36.7 (36.5–37.0) 0.153
Heart rate (beats/min) 84.66 (73.92–83.69) 84.4 (73.7–93.8) 85.7 (75.6–95.4) 0.119
Respiratory rate (breaths/min) 19.45 (16.72–21.71) 19.3 (16.7–21.5) 20.0 (17.1–22.3) 0.065
SBP (mmHg) 118.28 (105.58–129.40) 119.0 (106.3–130.2) 115.4 (103.9–126.1) 0.006
DBP (mmHg) 59.38 (51.69–66.08) 59.6 (51.9–66.6) 58.4 (50.8–64.9) 0.081
MBP (mmHg) 75.12 (67.52–81.62) 75.5 (68.0–82.2) 73.7 (65.9–80.2) 0.021
SpO2 (%) 96.74 (95.50–98.24) 96.8 (95.6–98.2) 96.6 (95.1–98.2) 0.464
Commorbidities
Diabetes mellitus 229 (23.1) 187 (23.5) 42 (21.54) 0.317
Rheumatic Disease 77 (7.77) 66 (8.29) 11 (5.64) 0.136
COPD 131 (13.22) 109 (13.69) 22 (11.28) 0.373
PE 59 (5.95) 45 (6.03) 14 (7.18) 0.420
DVT 79 (7.97) 63 (7.91) 16 (8.21) 0.893
Dementia 71 (7.16) 50 (6.28) 21 (10.77) 0.029
Coronary heart disease 324 (32.69) 252 (31.66) 72 (36.92) 0.160
Osteoporosis 205 (20.69) 172 (21.61) 33 (16.92) 0.148
Sepsis 61 (6.16) 33 (4.15) 28 (14.36) <0.001
CKD 220 (22.20) 169 (21.23) 51 (26.15) 0.138
Pneumonia 41 (4.14) 31 (3.89) 10 (5.13) 0.438
Cerebral infarction 128 (12.92) 96 (12.06) 32 (16.41) 0.105
Hypertension 185 (18.67) 149 (18.72) 36 (18.46) 0.934
Laboratory tests
Anion gap (mEq/L) 14.8 (12–17) 14.73 (12–16.5) 15.19 (12–17) 0.261
CK-MB(ng/ml) 9.9 (3.0–13.6) 9.90 (3–13.3) 9.98 (3.10–14.55) 0.490
BUN (mg/dL) 30.0 (17–35.5) 28.95 (16–33.75) 34.51 (20–43) <0.001
ALP(U/L) 100.6 (61.3–124.0) 98.76 (60–121.33) 108.28 (67–134) 0.060
Bicarbonate(mmol/L) 24.9 (22–28) 24.95 (22.25–28) 24.66 (22–28) 0.470
Total bilirubin (mg/dL) 1.0 (0.4–1.2) 1.01 (0.4–1.2) 1.08 (0.4–1.28) 0.661
Sodium (mmol/L) 137.8 (135–141) 137.79 (135–141) 138.10 (135–141) 0.647
Chloride (mmol/L) 103.7 (100–107) 103.50 (100–107) 104.38 (101–108) 0.110
Calcium (mmol/L) 5.5 (1.1–8.5) 5.66 (1.14–8.55) 4.61 (1.1–8.25) 0.001
Potassium (mmol/L) 4.2 (3.6–4.6) 4.24 (3.75–4.6) 4.29 (3.7–4.7) 0.106
PT(s) 16.3 (12.3–16.3) 16.05 (12.3–16.3) 17.35 (12.7–17.4) 0.007
PTT(s) 37.0 (27.8–38.1) 36.91 (27.8–37.9) 37.54 (27.9–41.1) 0.459
PT-INR 1.47 (1.1–1.5) 1.45 (1.1–1.5) 1.60 (1.1–1.7) 0.043
Creatinine (mg/dL) 1.0 (0.6–1) 1.01 (0.6–1) 1.12 (0.6–1.2) 0.371
WBC counts (109/L) 11.8 (7.4–14.1) 11.40 (7.3–13.78) 13.42 (8.1–16.8) 0.001
Platelet counts (109/L) 209.8 (145–260) 208.42 (145–259.75) 215.47 (143–271) 0.566
Lymphocyte counts (109/L) 1.4 (0.8–1.6) 1.44 (0.84–1.66) 1.16 (0.62–1.38) <0.001
Neutrophil counts (109/L) 8.8 (5.0–10.9) 8.31 (4.81–10.49) 10.65 (6.16–13.50) <0.001
Monocyte counts (109/L) 0.6 (0.3–0.7) 0.57 (0.34–0.66) 0.62 (0.37–0.76) 0.014
Hemoglobin (g/dL) 10.1 (8.6–11.4) 10.15 (8.6–11.5) 9.53 (8.5–11.2) 0.134
Hematocrit (%) 31.2 (26.9–35.2) 31.2 (26.7–35.3) 31.0 (27.3–34.7) 0.612
Heparin 635 (64.08) 508 (63.82) 127 (65.13) 0.773
Mechanical ventilation 173 (17.46) 128 (16.08) 45 (23.08) 0.021
SII 2115.26 (655.11–2379.63) 1803.07 (595.67–2178.48) 3389.64 (927.3–3,652) <0.001
Severity of illness scores
SOFA 1.59 (1–2) 1.51 (1–1.53) 1.93 (1–3) 0.009
SAPS II 41.46 (33–47) 40.28 (33–46) 46.27 (37–54) <0.001
LODS 4.93 (3–6) 4.67 (3–6) 6.01 (4–8) <0.001
OASIS 34.01 (28–39) 33.34 (28–38) 36.75 (31–43) <0.001

SII, systemic immune-inflammation index; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MBP, mean blood pressure; SpO2, pulse oximetry-derived oxygen saturation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PE, pulmonary embolism; DVT, deep venous thrombosis; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CK-MB, Creatine Kinase Isoenzyme-MB;BUN, blood urea nitrogen; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; PT, prothrombin time; PTT, partial thromboplastin time; WBC, white blood cell; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; SAPS II, simplifed acute physiological score II; LODS, the logistic organ dysfunction system; OASIS, oxford acute severity of illness score.