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. 2024 May 30;11:1408371. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1408371

Table 3.

Baseline characteristics of the survivors and Non-survivors groups at 1-year following hospital admission.

Variable Total (n = 991) survivor (n = 660) Non-survivor (n = 331) p-value
Ages (year) 81.63 (75–89) 80.49 (74–87) 83.92 (79–91) <0.001
Sex: male 357 (36.02) 221 (33.48) 136 (41.09) 0.019
BMI 25.89 (21.51–28.98) 26.47 (22.20–29.32) 24.72 (20.24–28.08) <0.001
Temperature (°C) 36.79 (36.56–37.02) 36.82 (36.58–37.05) 36.72 (36.49–36.97) 0.001
Heart rate (beats/min) 84.66 (73.92–83.69) 84.51 (73.77–93.72) 84.95 (74.21–94.75) 0.658
Respiratory rate (breaths/min) 19.45 (16.72–21.71) 19.27 (16.76–21.48) 19.82 (16.65–22.48) 0.154
SBP (mmHg) 118.28 (105.58–129.40) 119.53 (107.21–130.72) 115.79 (103.16–126.96) 0.001
DBP (mmHg) 59.38 (51.69–66.08) 60.10 (52.41–66.76) 57.95 (50.56–64.88) 0.004
MBP (mmHg) 75.12 (67.52–81.62) 76.02 (68.48–82.44) 73.34 (65.17–79.63) 0.001
SpO2 (%) 96.74 (95.50–98.24) 96.82 (95.61–98.24) 96.60 (95.19–98.24) 0.392
Commorbidities
Diabetes mellitus 229 (23.1) 148 (22.42) 81 (24.47) 0.260
Rheumatic Disease 77 (7.77) 57 (8.64) 20 (6.04) 0.093
COPD 131 (13.22) 87 (13.18) 44 (13.29) 0.961
PE 59 (5.95) 31 (4.70) 28 (8.46) 0.018
DVT 79 (7.97) 45 (6.82) 34 (10.27) 0.058
Dementia 71 (7.16) 26 (3.94) 45 (13.60) <0.001
Coronary heart disease 324 (32.69) 201 (30.45) 123 (37.16) 0.034
Osteoporosis 205 (20.69) 152 (23.03) 53 (16.01) 0.010
Sepsis 61 (6.16) 23 (3.48) 38 (10.57) <0.001
CKD 220 (22.20) 124 (18.79) 96 (29.00) <0.001
Pneumonia 41 (4.14) 22 (3.33) 19 (5.74) 0.073
Cerebral infarction 128 (12.92) 81 (12.27) 47 (14.20) 0.394
Hypertension 185 (18.67) 131 (19.85) 54 (16.31) 0.178
Laboratory tests
Anion gap (mEq/L) 14.8 (12–17) 14.63 (12–16.5) 15.19 (12.5–17) 0.081
CK-MB (ng/ml) 9.9 (3.0–13.6) 10.29 (1.02–14.58) 9.18 (3.52–12.25) 0.953
BUN (mg/dL) 30.0 (17–35.5) 27.59 (15.75–32) 34.94 (21–43) <0.001
ALP (U/L) 100.6 (61.3–124.0) 98.78 (61.13–121.16) 104.34 (62–130.5) 0.133
Bicarbonate (mmol/L) 24.9 (22–28) 25.01 (22.5–28) 24.65 (22–28) 0.459
Total bilirubin (mg/dL) 1.0 (0.4–1.2) 1.03 (0.4–1.3) 0.99 (0.4–1.1) 0.029
Sodium (mmol/L) 137.8 (135–141) 137.54 (135–141) 138.46 (136–141) 0.041
Chloride (mmol/L) 103.7 (100–107) 103.44 (100–107) 104.15(100–108) 0.189
Calcium (mmol/L) 5.5 (1.1–8.5) 5.73 (1.14–8.58) 4.90 (1.12–8.4) 0.010
Potassium (mmol/L) 4.2 (3.6–4.6) 4.25 (3.78–4.6) 4.25 (3.7–4.65) 0.751
PT(s) 16.3 (12.3–16.3) 15.82 (12.2–16.3) 17.27 (12.7–17.4) <0.001
PTT(s) 37.0 (27.8–38.1) 36.62 (27.5–36.8) 37.85 (28.1–40.9) 0.063
PT-INR 1.47 (1.1–1.5) 1.42 (1.1–1.5) 1.59 (1.1–1.6) 0.012
Creatinine (mg/dL) 1.0 (0.6–1) 0.98 (0.6–1) 1.15 (0.6–1.2) 0.002
WBC counts (109/L) 11.8 (7.4–14.1) 11.50 (7.4–13.7) 12.39 (7.4–15.3) 0.047
Platelet counts (109/L) 209.8 (145–260) 210.98 (149.25–260) 207.48 (138–262) 0.180
Lymphocyte counts (109/L) 1.4 (0.8–1.6) 1.42 (0.84–1.68) 1.32 (0.69–1.40) <0.001
Neutrophil counts (109/L) 8.8 (5.0–10.9) 8.37 (4.88–10.27) 9.58 (5.31–11.97) 0.002
Monocyte counts (109/L) 0.6 (0.3–0.7) 0.57 (0.34–0.66) 0.58 (0.34–0.7) 0.455
Hemoglobin (g/dL) 10.1 (8.6–11.4) 10.19 (8.65–11.5) 9.94 (8.5–11.25) 0.059
Hematocrit (%) 31.2 (26.9–35.2) 31.40 (26.95–35.6) 30.71 (26.5–34.6) 0.088
Heparin 635 (64.08) 421 (63.79) 214 (64.65) 0.789
Mechanical ventilation 173 (17.46) 99 (15.00) 74 (22.36) 0.004
SII 2115.26 (655.11–2379.63) 1848.69 (605.52–2180.83) 2646.79 (830.25–2867.27) <0.001
Severity of illness scores
SOFA 1.59 (1–2) 1.57 (1–1.53) 1.65 (1–2) 0.880
SAPS II 41.46 (33–47) 39.18 (32–44) 46.01 (37–52) <0.001
LODS 4.93 (3–6) 4.41 (2–6) 5.97 (4–8) <0.001
OASIS 34.01 (28–39) 32.82 (27–37.5) 36.39 (31–42) <0.001

SII, systemic immune-inflammation index; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MBP, mean blood pressure; SpO2, pulse oximetry-derived oxygen saturation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PE, pulmonary embolism; DVT, deep venous thrombosis; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CK-MB, Creatine Kinase Isoenzyme-MB;BUN, blood urea nitrogen; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; PT, prothrombin time; PTT, partial thromboplastin time; WBC, white blood cell; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; SAPS II, simplifed acute physiological score II; LODS, the logistic organ dysfunction system; OASIS, oxford acute severity of illness score.