Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of the survivors and Non-survivors groups at 1-year following hospital admission.
| Variable | Total (n = 991) | survivor (n = 660) | Non-survivor (n = 331) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ages (year) | 81.63 (75–89) | 80.49 (74–87) | 83.92 (79–91) | <0.001 |
| Sex: male | 357 (36.02) | 221 (33.48) | 136 (41.09) | 0.019 |
| BMI | 25.89 (21.51–28.98) | 26.47 (22.20–29.32) | 24.72 (20.24–28.08) | <0.001 |
| Temperature (°C) | 36.79 (36.56–37.02) | 36.82 (36.58–37.05) | 36.72 (36.49–36.97) | 0.001 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 84.66 (73.92–83.69) | 84.51 (73.77–93.72) | 84.95 (74.21–94.75) | 0.658 |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 19.45 (16.72–21.71) | 19.27 (16.76–21.48) | 19.82 (16.65–22.48) | 0.154 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 118.28 (105.58–129.40) | 119.53 (107.21–130.72) | 115.79 (103.16–126.96) | 0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 59.38 (51.69–66.08) | 60.10 (52.41–66.76) | 57.95 (50.56–64.88) | 0.004 |
| MBP (mmHg) | 75.12 (67.52–81.62) | 76.02 (68.48–82.44) | 73.34 (65.17–79.63) | 0.001 |
| SpO2 (%) | 96.74 (95.50–98.24) | 96.82 (95.61–98.24) | 96.60 (95.19–98.24) | 0.392 |
| Commorbidities | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 229 (23.1) | 148 (22.42) | 81 (24.47) | 0.260 |
| Rheumatic Disease | 77 (7.77) | 57 (8.64) | 20 (6.04) | 0.093 |
| COPD | 131 (13.22) | 87 (13.18) | 44 (13.29) | 0.961 |
| PE | 59 (5.95) | 31 (4.70) | 28 (8.46) | 0.018 |
| DVT | 79 (7.97) | 45 (6.82) | 34 (10.27) | 0.058 |
| Dementia | 71 (7.16) | 26 (3.94) | 45 (13.60) | <0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease | 324 (32.69) | 201 (30.45) | 123 (37.16) | 0.034 |
| Osteoporosis | 205 (20.69) | 152 (23.03) | 53 (16.01) | 0.010 |
| Sepsis | 61 (6.16) | 23 (3.48) | 38 (10.57) | <0.001 |
| CKD | 220 (22.20) | 124 (18.79) | 96 (29.00) | <0.001 |
| Pneumonia | 41 (4.14) | 22 (3.33) | 19 (5.74) | 0.073 |
| Cerebral infarction | 128 (12.92) | 81 (12.27) | 47 (14.20) | 0.394 |
| Hypertension | 185 (18.67) | 131 (19.85) | 54 (16.31) | 0.178 |
| Laboratory tests | ||||
| Anion gap (mEq/L) | 14.8 (12–17) | 14.63 (12–16.5) | 15.19 (12.5–17) | 0.081 |
| CK-MB (ng/ml) | 9.9 (3.0–13.6) | 10.29 (1.02–14.58) | 9.18 (3.52–12.25) | 0.953 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 30.0 (17–35.5) | 27.59 (15.75–32) | 34.94 (21–43) | <0.001 |
| ALP (U/L) | 100.6 (61.3–124.0) | 98.78 (61.13–121.16) | 104.34 (62–130.5) | 0.133 |
| Bicarbonate (mmol/L) | 24.9 (22–28) | 25.01 (22.5–28) | 24.65 (22–28) | 0.459 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 1.0 (0.4–1.2) | 1.03 (0.4–1.3) | 0.99 (0.4–1.1) | 0.029 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 137.8 (135–141) | 137.54 (135–141) | 138.46 (136–141) | 0.041 |
| Chloride (mmol/L) | 103.7 (100–107) | 103.44 (100–107) | 104.15(100–108) | 0.189 |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 5.5 (1.1–8.5) | 5.73 (1.14–8.58) | 4.90 (1.12–8.4) | 0.010 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.2 (3.6–4.6) | 4.25 (3.78–4.6) | 4.25 (3.7–4.65) | 0.751 |
| PT(s) | 16.3 (12.3–16.3) | 15.82 (12.2–16.3) | 17.27 (12.7–17.4) | <0.001 |
| PTT(s) | 37.0 (27.8–38.1) | 36.62 (27.5–36.8) | 37.85 (28.1–40.9) | 0.063 |
| PT-INR | 1.47 (1.1–1.5) | 1.42 (1.1–1.5) | 1.59 (1.1–1.6) | 0.012 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.0 (0.6–1) | 0.98 (0.6–1) | 1.15 (0.6–1.2) | 0.002 |
| WBC counts (109/L) | 11.8 (7.4–14.1) | 11.50 (7.4–13.7) | 12.39 (7.4–15.3) | 0.047 |
| Platelet counts (109/L) | 209.8 (145–260) | 210.98 (149.25–260) | 207.48 (138–262) | 0.180 |
| Lymphocyte counts (109/L) | 1.4 (0.8–1.6) | 1.42 (0.84–1.68) | 1.32 (0.69–1.40) | <0.001 |
| Neutrophil counts (109/L) | 8.8 (5.0–10.9) | 8.37 (4.88–10.27) | 9.58 (5.31–11.97) | 0.002 |
| Monocyte counts (109/L) | 0.6 (0.3–0.7) | 0.57 (0.34–0.66) | 0.58 (0.34–0.7) | 0.455 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.1 (8.6–11.4) | 10.19 (8.65–11.5) | 9.94 (8.5–11.25) | 0.059 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 31.2 (26.9–35.2) | 31.40 (26.95–35.6) | 30.71 (26.5–34.6) | 0.088 |
| Heparin | 635 (64.08) | 421 (63.79) | 214 (64.65) | 0.789 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 173 (17.46) | 99 (15.00) | 74 (22.36) | 0.004 |
| SII | 2115.26 (655.11–2379.63) | 1848.69 (605.52–2180.83) | 2646.79 (830.25–2867.27) | <0.001 |
| Severity of illness scores | ||||
| SOFA | 1.59 (1–2) | 1.57 (1–1.53) | 1.65 (1–2) | 0.880 |
| SAPS II | 41.46 (33–47) | 39.18 (32–44) | 46.01 (37–52) | <0.001 |
| LODS | 4.93 (3–6) | 4.41 (2–6) | 5.97 (4–8) | <0.001 |
| OASIS | 34.01 (28–39) | 32.82 (27–37.5) | 36.39 (31–42) | <0.001 |
SII, systemic immune-inflammation index; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MBP, mean blood pressure; SpO2, pulse oximetry-derived oxygen saturation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PE, pulmonary embolism; DVT, deep venous thrombosis; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CK-MB, Creatine Kinase Isoenzyme-MB;BUN, blood urea nitrogen; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; PT, prothrombin time; PTT, partial thromboplastin time; WBC, white blood cell; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; SAPS II, simplifed acute physiological score II; LODS, the logistic organ dysfunction system; OASIS, oxford acute severity of illness score.