Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and univariate analysis of affiliated stigma among family caregivers and patients with dementia (N = 727).
| Variables | N (%) | Mean ± standard deviations | t/F/r | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family caregivers | ||||
| Gender | 2.412 | 0.016 | ||
| Male | 360 (49.5) | 49.57 ± 16.78 | ||
| Female | 367 (50.5) | 46.65 ± 15.87 | ||
| Ethnic group | 0.514 | 0.656 | ||
| Han nationality1 | 724 (99.6) | 48.10 ± 16.40 | ||
| Other | 3 (0.4) | 46.00 ± 7.00 | ||
| Religious beliefs | 2.697 | 0.007 | ||
| Yes | 193 (26.5) | 50.93 ± 17.50 | ||
| No | 534 (73.5) | 47.07 ± 15.84 | ||
| Educational level | 2.107 | 0.063 | ||
| Primary school or below | 7 (1.0) | 59.14 ± 17.48 | ||
| Junior high school | 52 (7.2) | 48.12 ± 16.97 | ||
| High school or technical secondary school | 188 (25.9) | 50.42 ± 16.91 | ||
| Junior college | 180 (24.8) | 48.14 ± 17.13 | ||
| Undergraduate | 293 (40.3) | 46.37 ± 15.38 | ||
| Masters or above | 7 (1.0) | 45.29 ± 7.37 | ||
| Marital status | 7.041 | <0.001 | ||
| Had a spouse | 619 (85.1) | 47.26 ± 16.36 | ||
| Unmarried | 70 (9.6) | 49.26 ± 16.89 | ||
| Divorced | 27 (3.7) | 59.85 ± 10.17 | ||
| Widowed | 11 (1.5) | 58.82 ± 11.65 | ||
| State of work | 1.648 | 0.193 | ||
| On the job | 611 (84.0) | 47.62 ± 16.39 | ||
| Out of work | 86 (11.8) | 50.83 ± 13.89 | ||
| Retirement | 30 (4.1) | 49.93 ± 16.38 | ||
| Whether there were regular breaks during patient care | 2.369 | 0.019 | ||
| Yes | 618 (85.0) | 48.65 ± 16.56 | ||
| No | 109 (15.0) | 44.94 ± 14.75 | ||
| Monthly household income (RMB) | 2.927 | 0.033 | ||
| Less than 3,000 | 11 (1.5) | 57.73 ± 11.54 | ||
| 3,001–5,000 | 149 (20.5) | 49.97 ± 16.18 | ||
| 5,001–7,000 | 299 (41.1) | 48.33 ± 17.04 | ||
| More than 7,000 | 268 (36.9) | 46.39 ± 15.70 | ||
| Relationship with patient | 5.907 | 0.003 | ||
| Spouse | 50 (6.9) | 54.62 ± 19.66 | ||
| Children | 570 (78.4) | 47.13 ± 16.01 | ||
| Relatives | 107 (14.7) | 50.18 ± 15.91 | ||
| Whether lived with the patient | 1.238 | 0.216 | ||
| Yes | 634 (87.2) | 48.38 ± 16.47 | ||
| No | 93 (12.8) | 46.13 ± 15.70 | ||
| Whether had assistance in caring for the patient | −0.367 | 0.714 | ||
| Yes | 665 (91.5) | 48.02 ± 16.47 | ||
| No | 62 (8.5) | 48.02 ± 15.45 | ||
| Knowledge of dementia | 11.009 | <0.001 | ||
| Completely lacking knowledge | 12 (1.7) | 64.92 ± 12.93 | ||
| A small amount of knowledge (knowing a small amount about dementia) | 221 (30.4) | 51.04 ± 16.73 | ||
| Basic knowledge (having basic knowledge and nursing skills in relation to dementia) | 258 (35.5) | 49.21 ± 15.95 | ||
| Most knowledge (having a high level of knowledge and nursing skills in relation to dementia) | 171 (23.5) | 43.41 ± 14.38 | ||
| Full knowledge | 65 (8.9) | 42.83 ± 17.49 | ||
| Age of the family caregivers | 39.12 ± 9.67 | −0.009 | >0.05 | |
| Average time spent caring for patients per day (hour) | 5.44 ± 3.01 | 0.055 | >0.05 | |
| Patients with dementia | ||||
| Gender | −1.749 | 0.081 | ||
| Male | 399 (54.9) | 47.13 ± 16.19 | ||
| Female | 328 (45.1) | 49.26 ± 16.55 | ||
| Ethnic groups | 0.222 | 0.825 | ||
| Han nationality1 | 724 (99.6) | 48.10 ± 16.41 | ||
| Other | 3 (0.4) | 46.00 ± 7.00 | ||
| Religious beliefs | 4.301 | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 215 (29.6) | 52.27 ± 17.54 | ||
| No | 512 (70.4) | 46.34 ± 15.56 | ||
| Marital status | 6.942 | <0.001 | ||
| Had a spouse | 525 (72.2) | 47.25 ± 16.48 | ||
| Unmarried | 11 (1.5) | 63.36 ± 11.46 | ||
| Divorced | 23 (3.2) | 58.52 ± 14.03 | ||
| Widowed | 168 (23.1) | 48.31 ± 15.73 | ||
| Types of medical insurance | 4.014 | 0.003 | ||
| Urban employee basic medical insurance | 196 (27.0) | 44.68 ± 15.26 | ||
| New rural cooperative medical insurance | 373 (51.3) | 49.26 ± 17.18 | ||
| Urban residents basic medical insurance | 150 (20.6) | 49.04 ± 15.14 | ||
| Commercial medical insurance | 6 (0.8) | 56.17 ± 13.63 | ||
| No insurance | 2 (0.2) | 69.5 ± 12.02 | ||
| Self-care ability | 11.53 | <0.001 | ||
| Fully capable of self-care (could independently complete the activities of daily living, such as bathing, dressing, toileting, moving, bowel and bladder control, and eating) | 99 (13.6) | 53.86 ± 18.90 | ||
| Partially capable of self-care (able to perform some activities of daily living independently, such as bathing, dressing, toileting, moving, bowel and bladder control, and eating but requiring assistance from others) | 555 (76.3) | 46.50 ± 15.40 | ||
| Completely unable to take care of themselves (could not independently perform bathing, dressing, toileting, moving, bowel and bladder control, and eating; all requiring assistance from others) | 73 (10.0) | 52.34 ± 17.58 | ||
| Age of the patients (years) | 65.21 ± 8.17 | 0.033 | >0.05 | |
| The course of disease (years) | 5.56 ± 3.30 | 0.027 | >0.05 | |
1The largest ethnic group in China with a proportion of appoximately 91.59%.