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. 2024 May 30;16:1352681. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1352681

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Copyright © 2024 Zhang, Wang, Su, Yang, Wang and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Exploration of potential risk mechanisms. The main methods involved were Wilcoxon rank-sum test for difference analysis, GSEA for enrichment analysis, and Spearman correlation analysis. (A) Comparative analysis of four distinct categories of immune-related genes, namely Immunoinhibitor genes, Chemokines, Immunostimulator genes, and Human Leukocyte Antigen, between high- and low-risk groups; (B) Bar charts represented the GSEA results; (C) Butterfly plots vividly illustrated the correlation between risk score, TIP score, eight immunotherapy scores, and various tumor signaling pathways.