. 2024 Jun 13;11:24. doi: 10.1186/s40621-024-00512-6

Table 1.

Summary of violent and weapon-related disciplinary incidents (2008–09 to 2011–12) in 2681 Minnesota schools

Strata	Student cohort^A	Student school years^B	Violent incidents^C	Weapon-related incidents^C
Total	831,002	4,875,794	89,860 (1,842.98)	4525 (92.81)
Urban	609,570	3,579,306	71,554 (1999.10)	3410 (95.27)
Rural	241,417	1,296,488	18,306 (1,411.97)	1115 (86.00)

^A)Total number of unique students who had a disciplinary referral for a violent incident. Urban and rural student categories will not add up to the total student cohort because students may have switched school types during the study period

^B)A school year in Minnesota equals 165 instructional days and we included 4 academic years in this study

^C)Total number of incidents (incidence rate per 100,000 students per school year)