. 2024 Jun 12;15:48. doi: 10.1186/s13293-024-00623-1

Table 2.

Modulatory effects of sex steroids on nerve fibers and their metabolites. Arrow up indicates stimulation and arrow down inhibition

Sex steroids	Effect
Estradiol [98–100, 103, 104, 106, 108]	⇧neurogenesis in damaged enteric neurons, cell proliferation of enteric glia cells through their interaction with ER-β. ⇧enteric neurons damaged. ⇧sympathetic activity in postmenopausal women and blood pressure than young women. ⇩activation of sympathetic nervous system. ⇩ blood pressure, heart rate, nervous renal activity, ⇧ Ach, 5-TH in brain (no data in colon).
Androgens [107, 109–114]	⇧expression of AR in enteric neurons of pubertal mice, in ORX mice no affect the density of enteric neurons, ⇧sympathetic nervous system, ⇧levels of 5-HT in blood in men, ⇧ hypertension, norepinephrine in heart, nerve density. ⇧SERT and Ach

Sex steroids

Effect

Estradiol

[98–100, 103, 104, 106, 108]

⇧neurogenesis in damaged enteric neurons, cell proliferation of enteric glia cells through their interaction with ER-β. ⇧enteric neurons damaged.

⇧sympathetic activity in postmenopausal women and blood pressure than young women.

⇩activation of sympathetic nervous system.

⇩ blood pressure, heart rate, nervous renal activity,

⇧ Ach, 5-TH in brain (no data in colon).

Androgens

[107, 109–114]

⇧expression of AR in enteric neurons of pubertal mice, in ORX mice no affect the density of enteric neurons,

⇧sympathetic nervous system,

⇧levels of 5-HT in blood in men,

⇧ hypertension, norepinephrine in heart, nerve density.

⇧SERT and Ach