Table 4.
Intestinal structure of Lohmann LSL-CLASSIC laying hens (53–65 weeks of age) fed different energy sources with or without GAA.
| Metabolizable Energy (kcal/kg) |
GAA (%) |
Duodenum | Jejunum | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Villus Height (μm) |
Villus Width (μm) |
Crypt Depth (μm) | Villus Height (μm) |
Villus Width (μm) |
Crypt Depth (μm) | ||
| 2850 | - | 2029.28 | 257.63 | 332.3 | 1336.47 | 207.81 a | 203.99 a |
| 2800 | - | 2015.8 | 259.63 | 310.76 | 1355.33 | 186.01 b | 209.55 a |
| 2750 | - | 2004.09 | 260.46 | 328.37 | 1302.01 | 200.66 ab | 178.50 b |
| p-value | 0.7278 | 0.9739 | 0.1973 | 0.2363 | 0.0249 | 0.0001 | |
| - | 0 | 2058.75 a | 245.49 b | 299.59 b | 1345.05 | 205.10 a | 192.55 |
| - | 0.08 | 1974.03 b | 272.99 a | 348.02 a | 1317.49 | 191.23 b | 202.14 |
| p-value | <0.001 | 0.008 | <0.001 | 0.2885 | 0.0373 | 0.1244 | |
| 2850 | 0 | 2061.89 | 239.68 | 306.79 | 1314.23 | 220.74 | 202.03 abc |
| 2800 | 0 | 2084.98 | 253.44 | 294.07 | 1413.71 | 184.44 | 191.26 bc |
| 2750 | 0 | 2029.38 | 243.36 | 297.93 | 1307.2 | 210.13 | 184.36 bc |
| 2850 | 0.08 | 2029.19 | 275.58 | 357.82 | 1358.7 | 194.9 | 205.95 ab |
| 2800 | 0.08 | 1969.71 | 265.82 | 327.45 | 1296.94 | 187.58 | 227.83 a |
| 2750 | 0.08 | 1923.2 | 277.57 | 358.8 | 1296.82 | 191.2 | 172.65 c |
| p-value | 0.0396 | 0.5859 | 0.5478 | 0.0376 | 0.1772 | 0.0061 | |
| SEM | 31.601 | 12.673 | 12.675 | 31.703 | 8.098 | 7.607 | |
The absence of literals between the means of each column indicates that there were no significant statistical differences (a > b > c) (p < 0.05). SEM: standard error of the mean.