Table 1. Summary of Baseline Participant and Household Characteristics of the 3103 Women Included in the Study.
| HAPIN | Guatemala | India | Peru | Rwanda | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| characteristic | category | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) |
| total | 3103 (100%) | 791 (100%) | 787 (100%) | 753 (100%) | 772 (100%) | |
| age | <20 | 388 (13%) | 119 (15%) | 126 (16%) | 94 (12%) | 49 (6%) |
| 20–24 | 1161 (37%) | 320 (40%) | 380 (48%) | 264 (35%) | 197 (26%) | |
| 25–29 | 979 (32%) | 226 (29%) | 223 (28%) | 245 (33%) | 285 (37%) | |
| 30–35 | 568 (18%) | 122 (15%) | 58 (7%) | 149 (20%) | 239 (31%) | |
| primary cooking fuel | charcoal | 190 (6%) | 190 (25%) | |||
| cow dung | 656 (21%) | 656 (87%) | ||||
| other | 30 (1%) | 3 (0%) | 9 (1%) | 18 (2%) | ||
| wood | 2220 (72%) | 784 (99%) | 787 (100%) | 87 (12%) | 562 (73%) | |
| missing | 7 (0%) | 4 (1%) | 1 (0%) | 2 (0%) | ||
| primary lighting source | electricity | 2362 (76%) | 697 (88%) | 757 (96%) | 688 (91%) | 220 (28%) |
| kerosene lamp | 81 (3%) | 6 (1%) | 16 (2%) | 1 (0%) | 58 (8%) | |
| other | 179 (6%) | 72 (9%) | 30 (4%) | 77 (10%) | ||
| solar light | 275 (9%) | 2 (0%) | 3 (0%) | 22 (3%) | 248 (32%) | |
| torch (battery) | 199 (6%) | 10 (1%) | 11 (1%) | 11 (1%) | 167 (22%) | |
| participant’s occupation | agriculture | 1479 (48%) | 6 (1%) | 333 (42%) | 568 (75%) | 572 (74%) |
| commercial | 126 (4%) | 17 (2%) | 4 (1%) | 23 (3%) | 82 (11%) | |
| household | 1335 (43%) | 733 (93%) | 425 (54%) | 121 (16%) | 56 (7%) | |
| other | 154 (5%) | 29 (4%) | 25 (3%) | 40 (5%) | 60 (8%) | |
| missing | 9 (0%) | 6 (1%) | ||||
| family size | small (≤4) | 1994 (64%) | 386 (49%) | 572 (73%) | 386 (49%) | 617 (80%) |
| medium (5–9) | 1022 (33%) | 340 (43%) | 212 (27%) | 340 (43%) | 148 (19%) | |
| large (>10) | 79 (3%) | 61 (8%) | 3 (0%) | 61 (8%) | 5 (1%) | |
| missing | 8 (0%) | 4 (1%) | ||||
| household food insecurity | none | 1743 (56%) | 435 (55%) | 634 (81%) | 388 (52%) | 286 (37%) |
| mild | 835 (27%) | 249 (31%) | 113 (14%) | 259 (34%) | 214 (28%) | |
| moderate/severe | 474 (15%) | 93 (12%) | 36 (5%) | 95 (13%) | 250 (32%) | |
| missing | 51 (2%) | 14 (2%) | 4 (1%) | 11 (1%) | 22 (3%) | |
| participant’s education | no complete formal education | 804 (32%) | 311 (46%) | 235 (34%) | 24 (4%) | 234 (41%) |
| primary school complete | 861 (34%) | 268 (40%) | 195 (28%) | 168 (28%) | 230 (40%) | |
| secondary school or equivalent complete | 873 (34%) | 95 (14%) | 269 (38%) | 404 (68%) | 105 (18%) | |
| missing | 1 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |