Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of SGLT-2 inhibitor-treated patients with and without diuretics.
| Characteristics | SGLT2i (n = 53) |
SGLT2i + Diuretic (n = 23) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 67.0 [57.0–70.5] | 73.0 [68.0–78.0] | 0.006 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 32 (60.4) | 16 (69.6) | 0.442 |
| Body weight, kg | 70.5 [60.3–77.6] | 67.2 [62.5–73.8] | 0.289 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.1 (4.5) | 27.0 (5.0) | 0.452 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 28 (52.8) | 15 (68.2) | 0.217 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 136 (19) | 137 (20) | 0.393 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 75 [69–84] | 70 [63–79] | 0.092 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 79 (12) | 75 (12) | 0.163 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.1 (1.8) | 11.5 (1.9) | 0.001 |
| Hematocrit, % | 38.5 [35.5–43.1] | 34.3 [31.1–38.5] | 0.001 |
| Plasma glucose, mg/dL | 134 [114–160] | 156 [124–184] | 0.019 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.2 (0.8) | 7.4 (1.2) | 0.280 |
| BNP, pg/mL | 19.2 [8.5–34.9] | 78.3 [28.6–354.0] | 0.017 |
| Serum albumin, g/dL | 4.1 [3.8–4.3] | 3.8 [3.1–4.1] | 0.004 |
| BUN, mg/dL | 24.9 [16.6–33.4] | 33.5 [19.4–58.3] | 0.002 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 1.51 [0.98–2.18] | 1.89 [1.41–2.36] | 0.103 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 34.0 [21.8–51.1] | 23.3 [19.5–39.2] | 0.031 |
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 5.9 (1.3) | 6.2 (1.2) | 0.174 |
| Serum Na+, mEq/L | 141 [139–142] | 141 [139–142] | 0.338 |
| Serum K+, mEq/L | 4.5 (0.5) | 4.6 (0.5) | 0.329 |
| Copeptin, pmol/L | 12.5 [7.1–30.4] | 27.9 [14.2–65.6] | 0.012 |
| Renin, pg/mL | 29.9 [8.5–82.2] | 62.4 [27.1–113.6] | 0.043 |
| Aldosterone, pg/mL | 325 (188) | 331 (188) | 0.468 |
| Proteinuria, g/gCr | 1.07 [0.30–3.54] | 0.57 [0.18–2.24] | 0.294 |
| ICW, L | 21.10 [18.00–24.10] | 19.30 [17.60–22.90] | 0.251 |
| ECW, L | 13.62 (3.30) | 14.17 (2.53) | 0.245 |
| TBW, L | 33.90 [29.80–39.30] | 33.30 [29.85–40.00] | 0.445 |
| ECW/TBW | 0.392 [0.387–0.400] | 0.409 [0.402–0.417] | <0.0001 |
| Fat mass, kg | 22.0 [16.5–28.3] | 22.3 [15.6–26.7] | 0.461 |
| Bone mineral content, kg | 2.5 [2.1–2.8] | 2.4 [2.0–2.7] | 0.189 |
| Concomitant diuretics, % | 0 | 100 | <0.0001 |
| Loop diuretics (furosemide, torsemide, or azosemide), % | 0.0 | 87.0 | <0.0001 |
| Thiazide diuretics (trichlormethiazide or hydrochlorothiazide), % | 0.0 | 17.4 | 0.002 |
| MR antagonist, % | 3.8 | 17.4 | 0.055 |
| Tolvaptan, % | 1.9 | 13.0 | 0.058 |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB, % | 62.3 | 59.1 | 0.798 |
| Calcium channel blocker, % | 67.9 | 90.9 | 0.026 |
Data are presented as mean (standard deviation) or median [interquartile range], as appropriate. BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ICW, intracellular water; ECW, extracellular water; TBW, total body water; MR, mineralocorticoid receptor; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker.