Table 1.

Demographic and key clinical variables.

	Non-Expandable Lung NEL (n = 12)	Expandable Lung EL (n = 31)	p-Value
Age, mean (SD)	75 (8)	71 (8)	0.11 *
Male, n (%)	5 (42%)	17 (55%)	0.44 #
Smoking status			0.15 #
Current, n (%)	3 (25%)	5 (16%)
Former, n (%)	9 (75%)	18 (58%)
Never, n (%)	0 (0%)	8 (26%)
Tobacco packyears,	32 (16)	29 (17)	0.62 *
Cancer diagnosis			0.077 #
Lung, n (%)	6 (50%)	14 (45%)
Mesothelioma, n (%)	4 (33%)	0 (0%)
Breast, n (%)	2 (17%)	8 (26%)
Kidney, n (%)	0 (0%)	2 (6%)
Female reproductive, n (%)	0 (0%)	2 (6%)
Melanoma, n (%)	0 (0%)	1 (3%)
Prostate, n (%)	0 (0%)	1 (3%)
Lymph, n (%)	0 (0%)	1 (3%)
Other, n (%)	0 (0%)	2 (6%)
Lung cancers			0.37 #
Adenocarcinoma, n (%)	4 (67%)	11 (85%)
Squamous-cell carcinoma, n (%)	1 (17%)	1 (8%)
Small-cell lung cancer, n (%)	0 (0%)	1 (8%)
Other, n (%)	1 (17%)	0 (0%)
Heart failure, n (%)	0 (0%)	3 (10%)	0.26 #
Liver failure, n (%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	-
Kidney failure, n (%)	0 (0%)	1 (3%)	0.53 #
Tuberculosis, n (%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	-
Performance status ≥2, n (%)	5 (42%)	14 (45%)	0.84 #
Preceding thoracenteses, median n (range)	3 (2–7)	2 (1–5)	0.28 ¤
Time since last thoracentesis, median days (range)	42 (7–81)	22 (7–41)	0.35 ¤
Pleural fluid volume drained, mean mL (SD)	990 (621)	1283 (515)	0.13 *
Complete drainage at TUS, n (%)	2 (18%)	19 (63%)	0.010 #
Death before follow-up, n (%)	5 (42%)	11 (35%)	0.71 #
Survival from first thoracentesis, median days (range)	76 (59–111)	116 (59–287)	0.23 ¤
Time from cancer diagnosis to first thoracentesis, median days (range)	3 (−3–236)	84 (0–743)	0.049 ¤
Death at 12 months past follow-up, n(%)	10 (83%)	17 (55%)	0.083 #
Survival from cancer diagnosis Median days (range)	348 (78–510)	527 (341–1335)	0.11 ¤

* Two-sample t-test; ^# Pearson Chi-square; ^¤ Wilcoxon rank-sum test.