Table 1.
Current studies on transdermal application of CBD.
| Delivery Systems and/or Excipient |
Forms | CBD Concentrations/Quantities | Applications | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethosome in a carbomer gel | Gel | 3% w/w | Chronic inflammatory disease treatment (rheumatoid arthritis) | [1] |
| Carbopol® 980 | 1 and 10% | Arthritis treatment | [44] | |
| Transcutol | 2.5 g CBD/100 g gel | Drug addiction treatment (anxiolytic and impulsivity management) | [45] | |
| Ethanol, propylene glycol, Transcutol with a crosslinked polyacrylate polymer | 1.0, 2.5, 5.0% | Alcohol-induced neurodegeneration treatment | [46] | |
| Freeze-dried 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose/β-cyclodextrin cryogel | 0.5 mg/gel | Skin cancer treatment (primary skin tumors and cutaneous metastases) | [47] | |
| Undisclosed commercial formulation (ZYN002, Zynerba Pharmaceuticals) | 250 mg/d, 500 mg/d, 750 mg/d, and 1000 mg/d 2.6 mg/kg/d, 5.3 mg/kg/d |
Fragile X syndrome and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in children Focal epilepsy in adults |
[48,49,50] | |
| Nanoemulsion (Labrasol, Tween 80, Maisine, Transcutol with isopropyl tetradecanoate and olive oil)-filled chitosan hydrogelO | 1 mg/g and 10 mg/f of nanoemulsion | Epilepsy, psychiatric and skin conditions, pain, and inflammation treatment | [51] | |
| Sodium alginate-Zn hydrogel | 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0% w/v | Wound healing | [52] | |
| Solutol HS 15, Transcutol P, isopropyl myristate, water, Sepigel 305 | 1% w/w | Skin diseases treatment | [53] | |
| Propylene glycol, water hydrogel, and 3D printed Eudragit RL and tributyl citrate patch | Hydrogel Patch | 1% w/w | - | [54] |
| Mineral oil with propylene glycol: water or propylene glycol: water: ethanol | Patch | Saturated solution | Chemotherapy side effects management (antiemetic, appetite stimulant, analgesic) | [55] |
| Chitosan functionalized with ZnO nanoparticles | 0.5 mg/cm3 of ethanol | Epilepsy management | [56] | |
| Organosilica nanoparticles with polyvinyl alcohol | Thin film | 7.11 g of CBD–Silica | - | [57] |
| Capryol 90, Procetyl® AWS, ethanol, distilled water | Microemulsion | 1% w/w CBDA + THCA | - | [58] |
| Cholesterol, paraffin, and white Vaseline | Ointment | 2 g of 20% CBD oil | Myofascial pain management | [59] |
| CBD seed oil | - | Skin chronic diseases (atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, infections…) Scars healing |
[60] |