Table 2.

Nutrient metabolism factors in cancer [97] compared with dysregulated phosphate metabolism.

Nutrient Metabolism Factor in Cancer		Dysregulated Phosphate Metabolism
“(i) diet, the primary source of bodily nutrients which influences circulating metabolite levels”;		(i) dietary phosphate is the primary nutrient source of the circulating metabolite Pi;
“(ii) tissue of origin, which can influence the tumor’s reliance on specific nutrients to support cell metabolism and growth”;		(ii) phosphate influences most tissue types and stages of tumor growth;
“(iii) local microenvironment, which dictates the accessibility of nutrients to tumor cells”;		(iii) excessive extracellular Pi in local microenvironment is transported into tumor cells;
“(iv) tumor heterogeneity, which promotes metabolic plasticity and adaptation to nutrient demands”;		(iv) adaptation to oversupply of phosphate promotes tumorigenesis;
“(v) functional demand, which intensifies metabolic reprogramming to fuel the phenotypic changes required for invasion, growth, or survival”.		(v) dietary phosphate overload which may be reduced in tumor regression and reversion.