Table 1.
Methods of chimerism analysis.
| Technique | Applications | Markers | Sensitivity * | Informativity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| STR-PCR | Chimerism | STRs | 1–5% | =100% |
| qPCR | Chimerism, MRD | SNPs, indels | =0.1% | 90–100% |
| X/Y FISH | Chimerism after sex-mismatched transplantation | X/Y chromosome | ≤5% | ≒50% |
| Digital PCR | Chimerism, MRD | SNPs, indels | 0.01–0.1% | 90–100% |
| NGS | Chimerism, MRD | SNPs, indels | 0.01–1% | 100% |
* Detection limits depend on the DNA sample quantity and quality. STR, short tandem repeat; qPCR, quantitative PCR; X/Y FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization for sex chromatins; NGS, next-generation sequencing; MRD, minimal residual disease.