Table 1.

Variables and measures of the survey instruments used in this study.

Survey Tools	Subscales	Number of Items/Scale	Cut-Offs	Measurement	Cronbach’s Alpha
DASS-21 (Total items = 21)	Depression	7 items on 4-point Likert scale	Normal depression = 0–9 Mild depression = 10–13 Moderate depression = 14–20 Severe depression = 21–27 Extremely severe depression = 28+	Categorical The sum score can also be used as the continuous variable.	0.83
	Anxiety	7 items on 4-point Likert scale	Normal anxiety = 0–7 Mild anxiety = 8–9 Moderate anxiety = 10–14 Severe anxiety = 15–19 Extremely severe anxiety = 20+	Categorical The sum score can also be used as the continuous variable.	0.74
	Stress	7 items on 4-point Likert scale	Normal stress = 0–14 Mild stress = 15–18 Moderate stress = 19–25 Severe anxiety = 26–33 Extremely severe anxiety = 34+	Categorical The sum score can also be used as the continuous variable.	0.87
ProQoL Scale (30 items on 5-point Likert scale)	Compassion Satisfaction	10 items on 5-point Likert scale (items 3, 6, 12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 27, 30)	High range corresponds to a good deal of professional satisfaction	Continuous/Numeric	0.84–0.90
	Burnout	10 items on 5-point Likert scale (items 1, 4, 8, 10, 15, 17, 19, 21, 26, 29)	Higher score represents the higher risk of burnout	Continuous/Numeric	-
	Secondary Traumatic Stress	10 items on 5-point Likert scale (items 2, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 14, 23, 25, 28)	Higher score represents the higher risk of secondary traumatic stress	Continuous/Numeric	--
SCS		20 items on 6-point Likert scale		Continuous/Numeric

DASS: Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale; ProQoL: Professional Quality of Life Scale; SCS: Social Connectivity Scale.