$E^{dye}=-E_{HOMO}$	(1)	$E^{dye}$ is the ground-state oxidation potential of dye
$E^{dye\ast }=E^{dye}-E_{ex}$	(2)	$E^{dye\ast }$ is the oxidation potential of the excited dye $E_{ex}$ is the lowest excitation energy that corresponds to λmax
$\mathsf{\Delta }{G}^{inject}=E^{dye\ast }-\left|E_{CB}\right|$	(3)	$E_{CB}$ is the reduction potential of the conduction band edge of TiO2, (−4.0 eV)
$\mathsf{\Delta }{G}^{reg}=\left|E_{redox}\right|-E^{dye}$	(4)	$E_{redox}$ is the redox potential I−/I3− (−4.8 V)
$V_{oc}=E_{LUMO}-E_{CB}$	(5)
$LHE=1-{10}^{-f}$	(6)
$V_{OC}=E_{LUMO}-E_{CB}$	(7)
$\tau =\frac{1.499}{f{E}_{ex}^2}$	(8)