GnRH |
hypothalamic neurosecretory cells |
pituitary gonadotrophs |
precocious puberty, hypergonadism, Kallmann syndrome, oligospermia [20] |
LH |
pituitary gonadotrophs |
Leydig cells |
hypogonadism [21] |
FSH |
pituitary gonadotrophs |
Sertoli cells, peritubular myoid cells, Spermatogoniums |
hypogonadism [21] |
T |
Leydig cells, Sertoli cells |
germ cells, Sertoli cells, PMCs |
TDS, micropenis [21,22] |
AMH |
Sertoli cells |
Müllerian ducts mesenchymal cells |
persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) [23] |
Inhibin B |
Sertoli cells |
pituitary gonadotrophs |
spermatogenesis disorder [24] |
INSL3 |
Leydig cells |
Leydig cells |
cryptorchidism [25] |