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. 2024 May 29;25(11):5947. doi: 10.3390/ijms25115947

Figure 2.

Figure 2

AGE-Apt attenuated seminiferous tubular dilation and sperm abnormalities in diabetic mice. (A) Representative images of the seminiferous tubules of non-diabetic and diabetic mice stained with H&E. Magnification: ×40; bars: 200 μm. (B,C) Seminiferous tubule area (B) and lumen area (C). (D) Representative images of spermatids in the testes of non-diabetic and diabetic mice at 13 weeks of age stained with H&E. Magnification: ×400; bars: 20 μm. (E) The number of spermatids. (F) Testicular gene expression levels of Cldn-3 and Ocln in non-diabetic and diabetic mice. Data demonstrate relative levels of target molecules to the housekeeping gene 18S ribosomal RNA. (G) Sperm concentration. (H) Sperm normal motility. (I) Sperm viability. (J) Sperm normal motility after 6 h of incubation with TNFα. (K) Sperm viability after 24 h of incubation with TNFα. (B,C,F–I), n = 6–8 per group; (E), n = 4 per group; (H), n = 6 per group; (I), n = 3 per group. ** p < 0.01 vs. non-DM at the same number of weeks old; a p < 0.05 vs. non-DM+CTR-Apt; b p < 0.05 vs. DM+AGE-Apt; ## p < 0.01 vs. control. Non-DM: non-diabetic mouse; DM: diabetic mouse; AGEs: advanced glycation end products; CTR-Apt: control aptamer; AGE-Apt: AGE-inhibitory aptamer; w: week; Ocln: occludin; Cldn3: claudin-3.