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. 2024 May 29;25(11):5947. doi: 10.3390/ijms25115947

Figure 3.

Figure 3

. Proposed mechanism of AGE-induced sperm abnormalities in T2DM and their blockade by AGE-Apt. AGEs: advanced glycation end products; RAGE: receptor for AGEs; MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; ROS: reactive oxygen species.