Table 1.
Demographics and disease-related data differences at baseline between patients developing herpes zoster infection or not.
| RA Patients (N = 392) |
RA Patients with HZ (N = 30) |
RA Patients without HZ (N = 362) |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) (mean ± SD) | 59 ± 13 | 61 ± 13 | 59 ± 13 | 0.36 |
| Time of evolution of RA, (months) (mean ± SD) | 136.9 ± 109.8 | 158 ± 118 | 135.3 ± 109.2 | 0.33 |
| Women, n (%) | 309 (79) | 25 (83) | 284 (78) | 0.53 |
| Smokers, n (%) | 155 (40) | 11 (37) | 144 (40) | 0.74 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 165 (42) | 18 (60) | 147 (41) | 0.039 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 55 (14) | 6 (20) | 49 (14) | 0.33 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 148 (38) | 14 (47) | 134 (37) | 0.30 |
| Positive RF, n (%) | 223 (57) | 17 (57) | 206 (57) | 0.98 |
| Positive anti-CCP Abs, n (%) | 206 (53) | 13 (43) | 193 (53) | 0.29 |
| Erosive disease, n (%) | 145 (37) | 10 (33) | 135 (37) | 0.67 |
| Subcutaneous nodules, n (%) | 23 (6) | 1 (3) | 22 (6) | 0.57 |
| Interstitial lung disease, n (%) | 20 (5) | 3 (10) | 17 (5) | 0.21 |
| Sjögren syndrome, n (%) | 20 (5) | 1 (3) | 19 (5) | 0.65 |
| Vasculitis, n (%) | 23 (6) | 2 (7) | 21 (6) | 0.85 |
| Baseline use of therapies | ||||
| Prednisone | ||||
| N (%) | 228 (58) | 16 (55) | 212 (59) | 0.72 |
| Dose, mg/day | 5 (0–5) | 5 (0–5) | 3.75 (0–7.5) | 0.92 |
| Conventional synthetic DMARDs, n (%) | ||||
| Methotrexate | 252 (64) | 20 (67) | 232 (64) | 0.78 |
| Leflunomide | 38 (10) | 2 (7) | 36 (10) | 0.56 |
| Sulfasalazine | 12 (3) | 1 (3) | 11 (3) | 0.61 |
| Biological DMARDs, n (%) | ||||
| Any anti-TNFα | 92 (23) | 9 (30) | 83 (23) | 0.38 |
| Adalimumab | 35 (10) | 3 (10) | 32 (9) | 0.74 |
| Etanercept | 40 (10) | 5 (17) | 35 (10) | 0.23 |
| Infliximab | 7 (2) | 0 (0) | 7 (2) | 0.99 |
| Golimumab | 43 (11) | 4 (13) | 39 (11) | 0.56 |
| CertolizumabPegol | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 0.99 |
| Tocilizumab | 16 (4) | 1 (3) | 15 (4) | 0.99 |
| Rituximab | 11 (3) | 2 (7) | 9 (2) | 0.20 |
| Abatacept | 4 (1) | 0 (0) | 4 (1) | 0.99 |
| Accumulated treatment for RA | ||||
| Conventional DMARDs (not concomitant), n (%) | ||||
| Methotrexate | 351 (90) | 26 (87) | 325 (90) | 0.81 |
| Leflunomide | 126 (32) | 12 (40) | 114 (31) | 0.34 |
| Sulfasalazine | 90 (23) | 7 (23) | 83 (23) | 0.96 |
| Cyclosporine A | 11 (2) | 0 (0) | 11 (3) | 0.99 |
| Gold salts | 37 (9) | 3 (10) | 34 (9) | 0.75 |
| Biological DMARDs, n (%) | ||||
| Any anti-TNF | 260 (66) | 26 (87) | 234 (65) | 0.014 |
| Adalimumab | 145 (37) | 14 (47) | 131 (36) | 0.25 |
| Etanercept | 139 (35) | 16 (53) | 123 (34) | 0.033 |
| Infliximab | 40 (10) | 5 (17) | 35 (10) | 0.22 |
| Golimumab | 33 (8) | 3 (10) | 30 (8) | 0.73 |
| CertolizumabPegol | 13 (3) | 1 (3) | 12 (3) | 0.99 |
| Tocilizumab | 134 (34) | 15 (50) | 119 (33) | 0.057 |
| Rituximab | 71 (18) | 9 (30) | 62 (17) | 0.079 |
| Abatacept | 53 (14) | 6 (20) | 47 (13) | 0.28 |
| Sarilimumab | 3 (1) | 1 (1) | 2 (1) | 0.093 |
| JAK inhibitors, n (%) | 42 (11) | 4 (13) | 38 (11) | 0.63 |
| Tofacitinib | 16 (4) | 2 (1) | 14 (4) | 0.46 |
| Baricitinib | 32 (8) | 2 (7) | 30 (8) | 0.99 |
| Upadacitinib | 4 (1) | 1 (3) | 3 (1) | 0.27 |
Abbreviations (in alphabetical order): CCP: cyclic citrullinatedproteins; DMARDs: disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs; HZ: herpes zoster; JAK: Janus kinase; N (n): number; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; and SD: standard deviation.