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. 2024 Jun 1;25(11):6118. doi: 10.3390/ijms25116118

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Cerebral endothelial tissue functions. In the brain, the endothelium has many roles, including neuroprotection, inflammatory response, and cellular communication. Endothelial cells help form and maintain the blood–brain barrier, and modulate immune cell trafficking, antigen presentation, and response to inflammatory factors. In addition, endothelial cells participate in intercellular communication through extracellular vesicles, soluble mediators, and growth factors. Created with BioRender.com. BBB, blood–brain barrier.