Table 2.

Application of nanoparticles in regulating cardiac homeostasis.

Types of Nanoparticles	Payload	Target	Animal Model	Outcomes	Ref.
Polyethylene glycol nanoparticles	Bilirubin	Infarcted myocardium	Myocardial infarction (ischemia-reperfusion, mice)	Inhibition of cell apoptosis and reduction of myocardial infarction size	[107]
Liposome nanoparticles	Methotrexate	Infarcted myocardium	Myocardial infarction (permanent occlusion, mice)	Reduced infarct size and promoted a significant improvement in left ventricular systolic function	[108]
Micellar nanoparticles	2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl	Infarcted myocardium	Myocardial infarction (ischemia-reperfusion, dog)	Reduced myocardial infarct size and myocardial apoptosis	[109]
PEG modification of solid lipid nanoparticles	Schisandrin B	SOD/GSH-Px	Myocardial infarction (permanent occlusion, rat)	Reduction in infarct size	[110]
PEG-graphene quantum dot nanoparticles	Curcumin	Infarcted myocardium	Myocardial infarction (permanent occlusion, rat)	Reduction of myocardial infarct size and fibrosis	[111]
Liposome nanoparticles	MI antigen and rapamycin	T cell	Myocardial infarction (permanent occlusion, mice)	Infarct size and fibrosis area were reduced	[112]
MSN conjugated to CD11b anti-body	Panax notoginseng saponins R1	Monocytes and neutrophils	Myocardial infarction (permanent occlusion, mice)	Improves local inflammation of injured myocardium and reduces myocardial infarction area	[113]
Methacrylic acid, N-isopropyl acrylamide hydrogel	Visnagin	Infarcted myocardium	Myocardial infarction (ischemia-reperfusion, rat)	Reduce myocardial infarction area and improve cardiac dysfunction	[114]