Table 3.
Application of nanoparticles in promoting regeneration of damaged hearts.
| Types of Nanoparticles | Payload | Animal Model | Outcomes | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hyaluronic acid hydrogel | Mesenchymal stem cells | Myocardial infarction (permanent occlusion, rat) | Promotion of angiogenesis, improvement of the microenvironment of MI, and reduced ventricular remodeling | [115] |
| Laponite/gelatin hydrogel | Stem cell-derived secretome | Myocardial infarction (permanent occlusion, rat) | Ejection fraction and cardiac output were improved and cardiac remodeling was reduced | [116] |
| Mesoporous silica-iron oxide nanoparticles | Insulin-like growth factor | Myocardial infarction (ischemia-reperfusion, mice) | Cardiac function indexes such as left ventricular ejection fraction were improved and ventricular remodeling was reduced | [117] |
| PLGA human cardiomyocytes patch | Fibroblast factor 1 and CHIR99021 | Myocardial infarction (permanent occlusion, mice) | Reduced cell apoptosis and improved ventricular remodeling | [118] |
| PLGA-PEG nanoparticles | Liraglutide | Myocardial infarction (permanent occlusion, rat) | Reduced scar thickness and cardiac dilatation, reduced myocardial cell apoptosis, and improved ventricular remodeling apoptosis | [119] |
| Wet tissue adheres to the hydrogel | Resveratrol and mesenchymal stem cells | Myocardial infarction (permanent occlusion, rat) | Improved cardiac microenvironment, reduced myocardial cell apoptosis, and improved ventricular remodeling | [120] |
| Exosomes derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells | Peptide specific for cardiomyocytes | Myocardial infarction (ischemia-reperfusion, mice) | Ejection fraction and other indicators were improved and ventricular remodeling was reduced | [121] |
| Extracellular matrix composite hydrogel | Gold nanoparticles | Myocardial infarction (ischemia-reperfusion, mice) | Improved the ejection fraction, improved ventricular remodeling, and reduced the content of ROS | [122] |
| Composite hydrogel | TIMP-3, FGF-2, SDF-1α | Myocardial infarction (permanent occlusion, rat) | Reduced ventricular dilatation, improved ventricular remodeling and increased cardiomyocyte survival rate | [123] |
| Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles | – | Myocardial infarction (ischemia reperfusion, mice) | Reduced myocardial cell apoptosis, improved myocardial fibrosis, and reduced ventricular remodeling | [124] |