Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2024 Jun 2;29(11):2615. doi: 10.3390/molecules29112615

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

The biosynthetic pathways leading to phlorotannins, hydrolysable tannins, and proanthocyanidins (adapted from [26,29], created with BioRender.com (accessed on 26 May 2024) [48]). PKSIII: type III polyketide synthase, PAL: phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, C4H: cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase, 4CL: 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, CHI: chalcone isomerase, CHS: chalcone synthase, FHT: flavanone 3β-hydroxylase, DFR: dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, LAR: leucoanthocyanidin reductase, and ANR: anthocyanidin reductase.