Table 2.
The primary constituents and their concentrations reported in saffron plants.
| Chemical Constituents | Concentration (%) | References |
| Moisture | 10–14 | [40,41] |
| Ash | 06–07 | |
| Crude fat | 05–08 | |
| Crude protein | 12–14 | |
| Crude fiber | 04–05 | |
| Nitrogen-free extract (NFE) | 52–63 | |
| NFE | ||
| Reducing sugars | 20 | [40,41,42] |
| Gums and dextrins | 09–10 | |
| Starch | 06–07 | |
| Pentoses | 06–07 | |
| Different mineral nutrients and their concentrations (mg/g) present in the stigmas of C. sativus | ||
| Minerals | Concentration (mg/g) | References |
| Phosphorous | 3770 | [43,44] |
| Magnesium | 1350 | |
| Calcium | 1070 | |
| Iron | 110 | |
| Potassium | 14.86 | |
| Sodium | 100 | |
| Different vitamins and their concentrations (mg) present in the stigmas of C. sativus | ||
| Vitamins | Concentrations (mg) | References |
| Vitamin-A | 27 | [22,45,46] |
| Vitamin-B1 | 0.115 | |
| Vitamin-B2 | 13 | |
| Vitamin-B6 | 1.01 | |
| Vitamin-C | 80 | |
| Different concentrations of different fatty acids (g/100g) in saffron based on GC analysis | ||
| Fatty Acids | Concentrations (g/100g) | References |
| Palmitic acid | 16.2 | [24,47] |
| Linoleic acid | 28.5 | |
| Linolenic acid | 21.0 | |
| Stearic acid | - | |
| Oleic acid | - | |
| Arachidonic acid | - | |